Muscular References for
STOTT Pilates Questions
with Complete Solutions
Denning [Date] [Course title]
,Trapezius - upper, middle, and lower division - Correct Answers: Origins: large, important, diamond
shaped muscle; its origin is on the occiput, nuchal ligament, and spinous process of the cervical
vertebrae and thoracic vertebrae
Insertions : the lateral third of the clavicle and acromion (upper fibers), scapular spine (middle fibers), a
tubercle at the medial end of the scapular spine (lower fibers)
Actions of the Muscles:simultaneous contraction of all the fibers adducts the scapula
upper fibers: elevation and upward rotation of the scapula
lower fibers: depression and upward rotation of the scapula
Levator Scapulae - Correct Answers: Origins: originates from the transverse processes of C1-C4
Insertions : inserts on the superior angle of the scapula
Actions of the Muscles : elevates the scapula and rotates it downwards
Rhomboid Major and Minor - Correct Answers: Origins: originate from the spinous process of C7 and T1-
T4
Insertions: insert on the medial border of the scapula
Actions of the Muscles: adduct the scapula and rotate it downward
Serratus Anterior - Correct Answers: Origins: originates from the upper ten ribs
Insertions: inserts along the entire medial border of the scapula
, Actions of the Muscles: when the ribs are fixed, the muscle flattens the medial border of the scapula
against the ribcage; with the upper fibers, it pulls the scapula laterally into upward rotation
Pectoralis Minor - Correct Answers: Origins: originates from ribs 3-5
Insertions : inserts on the coracoid process
Actions of the Muscles: when the ribs are fixed, it pulls the scapula downward and foreward
Subclavius - Correct Answers: Origins : small muscle running from rib 1 and its cartilage
Insertions : underside of the clavicle
Actions of the Muscles: depresses the clavicle
Deltoid - anterior, medial and posterior division - Correct Answers: Origins: the three groups of fibers
converge toward the middle of the arm
Insertions: insertion on the lateral surface of the humerus
Actions of the Muscles: contraction of anterior fibers: flexion and medial rotation of the arm
Pectoralis major - sternal and clavicular division - Correct Answers: Origins: has a clavicular head from
the anterior, medial clavicle, and a sternocostal head from the sternum and costal cartilages 1-6 and rib
7
Insertions: The tendon is twisted such that the fibers from the clavicular head insert below those from
the sternocostal head on the lateral aspect of the bicipital groove
Actions of the Muscles: when the ribcage is fixed, all the fibers adduct and medially rotate the arm. The
"hugging" muscle
STOTT Pilates Questions
with Complete Solutions
Denning [Date] [Course title]
,Trapezius - upper, middle, and lower division - Correct Answers: Origins: large, important, diamond
shaped muscle; its origin is on the occiput, nuchal ligament, and spinous process of the cervical
vertebrae and thoracic vertebrae
Insertions : the lateral third of the clavicle and acromion (upper fibers), scapular spine (middle fibers), a
tubercle at the medial end of the scapular spine (lower fibers)
Actions of the Muscles:simultaneous contraction of all the fibers adducts the scapula
upper fibers: elevation and upward rotation of the scapula
lower fibers: depression and upward rotation of the scapula
Levator Scapulae - Correct Answers: Origins: originates from the transverse processes of C1-C4
Insertions : inserts on the superior angle of the scapula
Actions of the Muscles : elevates the scapula and rotates it downwards
Rhomboid Major and Minor - Correct Answers: Origins: originate from the spinous process of C7 and T1-
T4
Insertions: insert on the medial border of the scapula
Actions of the Muscles: adduct the scapula and rotate it downward
Serratus Anterior - Correct Answers: Origins: originates from the upper ten ribs
Insertions: inserts along the entire medial border of the scapula
, Actions of the Muscles: when the ribs are fixed, the muscle flattens the medial border of the scapula
against the ribcage; with the upper fibers, it pulls the scapula laterally into upward rotation
Pectoralis Minor - Correct Answers: Origins: originates from ribs 3-5
Insertions : inserts on the coracoid process
Actions of the Muscles: when the ribs are fixed, it pulls the scapula downward and foreward
Subclavius - Correct Answers: Origins : small muscle running from rib 1 and its cartilage
Insertions : underside of the clavicle
Actions of the Muscles: depresses the clavicle
Deltoid - anterior, medial and posterior division - Correct Answers: Origins: the three groups of fibers
converge toward the middle of the arm
Insertions: insertion on the lateral surface of the humerus
Actions of the Muscles: contraction of anterior fibers: flexion and medial rotation of the arm
Pectoralis major - sternal and clavicular division - Correct Answers: Origins: has a clavicular head from
the anterior, medial clavicle, and a sternocostal head from the sternum and costal cartilages 1-6 and rib
7
Insertions: The tendon is twisted such that the fibers from the clavicular head insert below those from
the sternocostal head on the lateral aspect of the bicipital groove
Actions of the Muscles: when the ribcage is fixed, all the fibers adduct and medially rotate the arm. The
"hugging" muscle
