IGCSE: ICT: Chapter 1
Hardware - Answer- the physical parts of a computer
Software - Answer- the programs and other operating information used by a computer.
Motherboard - Answer- A circuit board that contains all of the computer system's main components.
RAM (Random Access Memory) - Answer- ____________ is a memory chip in a computer which holds all programs and
data when they are in use.
ROM (Read Only Memory) - Answer- Chips that contain programming code and cannot be erased.
CPU (Central Processing Unit) - Answer- The key component of a computer system, which contains the circuitry
necessary to interpret and execute program instructions
Internal hard disk drive - Answer- Stores data that is not instantly needed for an indefinite time. It also stores programmes
and is used commonly to back up data.
Microprocessor - Answer- The central processing unit that is generally made from a single integrated circuit.
BIOS (basic input/output system) - Answer- Firmware that can control much of a computer's input/output functions, such
as communication with the keyboard and the monitor.
CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) - Answer- A type of non-volatile RAM that holds information about
the most basic parts of your PC
OS (Operating System) - Answer- An ____________ is the primary form of software running on a computer that
organizes files and folders as well as telling the hardware how to interact with the user and other software.
CLI (Command Line Interface) - Answer- is a user interface to a computer's operating system or an application in which
the user responds to a visual prompt by typing in a command on a specified line, receives a response back from the system,
and then enters another command, and so forth.
GUI (Graphical User Interface) - Answer- A type of interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through
graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, as opposed to text-based interfaces, typed command
labels or text navigation.
WIMP (Windows Icons Menus Pointing devices) - Answer- The graphical user interface (GUI) way of using a computer
rather than typing in commands at the command line
phablet - Answer- A device that combines the features of a smartphone with a tablet.
mainframe computer - Answer- A large, multi-user computer commonly used in large businesses and government
agencies; more powerful than a minicomputer.
AI (artificial intelligence) - Answer- the field of computer science devoted to making computers perceive, reason, and act
in ways that have until now been reserved for human beings
AI Biometrics - Answer- uses dynamic profiling to make it easier to recognise fingerprints when being scanned on devices
Quantum Cryptography - Answer- is based on the use of photons (light)
CAT (computer assisted translation) - Answer- a type of language translator that uses software in the translation process
Holography - Answer- technique used to make a 3-D image
Input device examples - Answer- Keyboard, mouse, speaker, touchscreen, storage device, scanner, microphone
Output device examples - Answer- Monitor, printer, storage device, speakers, projector
Keyboard Examples - Answer- QWERTY, concept, numeric
Hardware - Answer- the physical parts of a computer
Software - Answer- the programs and other operating information used by a computer.
Motherboard - Answer- A circuit board that contains all of the computer system's main components.
RAM (Random Access Memory) - Answer- ____________ is a memory chip in a computer which holds all programs and
data when they are in use.
ROM (Read Only Memory) - Answer- Chips that contain programming code and cannot be erased.
CPU (Central Processing Unit) - Answer- The key component of a computer system, which contains the circuitry
necessary to interpret and execute program instructions
Internal hard disk drive - Answer- Stores data that is not instantly needed for an indefinite time. It also stores programmes
and is used commonly to back up data.
Microprocessor - Answer- The central processing unit that is generally made from a single integrated circuit.
BIOS (basic input/output system) - Answer- Firmware that can control much of a computer's input/output functions, such
as communication with the keyboard and the monitor.
CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) - Answer- A type of non-volatile RAM that holds information about
the most basic parts of your PC
OS (Operating System) - Answer- An ____________ is the primary form of software running on a computer that
organizes files and folders as well as telling the hardware how to interact with the user and other software.
CLI (Command Line Interface) - Answer- is a user interface to a computer's operating system or an application in which
the user responds to a visual prompt by typing in a command on a specified line, receives a response back from the system,
and then enters another command, and so forth.
GUI (Graphical User Interface) - Answer- A type of interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through
graphical icons and visual indicators such as secondary notation, as opposed to text-based interfaces, typed command
labels or text navigation.
WIMP (Windows Icons Menus Pointing devices) - Answer- The graphical user interface (GUI) way of using a computer
rather than typing in commands at the command line
phablet - Answer- A device that combines the features of a smartphone with a tablet.
mainframe computer - Answer- A large, multi-user computer commonly used in large businesses and government
agencies; more powerful than a minicomputer.
AI (artificial intelligence) - Answer- the field of computer science devoted to making computers perceive, reason, and act
in ways that have until now been reserved for human beings
AI Biometrics - Answer- uses dynamic profiling to make it easier to recognise fingerprints when being scanned on devices
Quantum Cryptography - Answer- is based on the use of photons (light)
CAT (computer assisted translation) - Answer- a type of language translator that uses software in the translation process
Holography - Answer- technique used to make a 3-D image
Input device examples - Answer- Keyboard, mouse, speaker, touchscreen, storage device, scanner, microphone
Output device examples - Answer- Monitor, printer, storage device, speakers, projector
Keyboard Examples - Answer- QWERTY, concept, numeric
