KNES 2140 Exam 1 questions with correct
answers
What is sport? Correct Answer-- casual or organized participation
- aimed at expressing physical fitness, forming social relations &
obtaining results in competition
- competitive structure and rule based
- whether you are playing competitively or individually sport is
inheritedly competitive
What is exercise? Correct Answer-- not a competitive form
- a form of leisure physical activity undertaken to achieve an outcome
- exercise won't happen unless you are intentional about it
- intentional movement to improve physical fitness/health
- it is planned, structured and repetitive, you are going to improve an
aspect of your health
- exercise takes a lot of work to initiate and maintain
What is physical activity? Correct Answer-- any movement that requires
energy expenditure beyond what you would normally do to exist at rest
- anything that gets your heart rate up, any movements that you do
instead of sitting down is a form of PA
Ex. if you are biking to work to improve your cardiovascular health it is
exercise, but if you are biking to work just because you enjoy it then it is
a form of PA
,What is sport and exercise psychology? Correct Answer--
interdisciplinary scientific and applied field that embraces the
integration of sport science and psychological knowledge
- study of mental processes (thoughts, feelings and perceptions) in
relation to sport and exercise
What are the objectives of sport and exercise psychology? Correct
Answer-- psychological factors: thoughts feelings Ex. if you have a shy
athlete how is that going to affect her to work in teams? other factors
include outgoing and hostility
- sport & exercise behaviour: does it make us feel good, does it stress us
out, is it good for our mental state?
psychological factors > sport & exercise behaviours > psychological
factors
Who can benefit from sport & exercise psychology? Correct Answer--
any person who wants to or engages in sport or exercise AND is
interested in improving the mental side of sport/exercise (any person
who works with athletes/exercisers)
- learn skills to manage stress, focus & enhance motivation
- individual approach
What is TTM (transtheoretical model)? Correct Answer-- framework to
understand how people initiate & adopt regular PA
- used to study all intentional behavioural change (really hard for people
to adopt a new behaviour and stick with it for over a long period of time)
- behaviour change is a process & it is very hard
,What are the 5 stages of change? (TTM) Correct Answer--
precontemplation
- contemplation
- preparation
- action
- maintenance
What is pre-contemplation? (TTM) Correct Answer-- very stable stage
- individuals do not intend to start exercising in the next 6 months
- lack of information about the consequences of sedentary lifestyle
- failed attempts at exercise in the past Ex. New Years Reso to go gym
but they have experienced failure and do not go back
- Defensive (when you suggest PA to someone who may need it)
- Todays society: people in pre-contemp. may have an idea of the
benefits of PA but aren't really in trouble with their health yet or feel that
they don't need to start yet
What is contemplation? (TTM) Correct Answer-- know exercise is good
& may feel that they should be exercising but are unlikely to act &
commit, they think about it maybe once but don't act on it
- pre-contemp is defined by the indivi. intent to engage in PA
- individuals intend to start exercising in the next 6 months
, What is preparation? (TTM) Correct Answer-- plan of action, have an
idea & now are acting on it > the COGNITIVE thinking is actually being
done
- make very small changes/steps in PA levels (count steps, walking
instead of driving) > good start but don't have lots of health benefits
- preparation is defined by intention & behaviour (are you meeting your
steps & guidelines) cognitive behaviour is turning into actual behaviour
- buying exercise equipment/clothing, looking up exercises online,
making small changes in PA levels are ex of preparing to exercise
What is action (TTM)? Correct Answer-- indiv. actually start exercising
in the past 6 months
- most unstable stage: highest risk for relapse b/c once you start
something it may feel good but it's really hard to keep at it & make it as
a habit & integrate it into your lifestyle
- novelty may wear off > are you going to be able to keep it up
- 1 day to 6 months
- Ex. attending a yoga class for 1 week or attends personal training
sessions
What is maintenance? (TTM) Correct Answer-- exercising is now a
routine part of your lifestyle
- stable stage, can carry out their PA day to day despite obstacles
(exams)
- exercising regularly for over 6 months, exercise is routine
- this stage is not automatic, still have to work to not relapse
answers
What is sport? Correct Answer-- casual or organized participation
- aimed at expressing physical fitness, forming social relations &
obtaining results in competition
- competitive structure and rule based
- whether you are playing competitively or individually sport is
inheritedly competitive
What is exercise? Correct Answer-- not a competitive form
- a form of leisure physical activity undertaken to achieve an outcome
- exercise won't happen unless you are intentional about it
- intentional movement to improve physical fitness/health
- it is planned, structured and repetitive, you are going to improve an
aspect of your health
- exercise takes a lot of work to initiate and maintain
What is physical activity? Correct Answer-- any movement that requires
energy expenditure beyond what you would normally do to exist at rest
- anything that gets your heart rate up, any movements that you do
instead of sitting down is a form of PA
Ex. if you are biking to work to improve your cardiovascular health it is
exercise, but if you are biking to work just because you enjoy it then it is
a form of PA
,What is sport and exercise psychology? Correct Answer--
interdisciplinary scientific and applied field that embraces the
integration of sport science and psychological knowledge
- study of mental processes (thoughts, feelings and perceptions) in
relation to sport and exercise
What are the objectives of sport and exercise psychology? Correct
Answer-- psychological factors: thoughts feelings Ex. if you have a shy
athlete how is that going to affect her to work in teams? other factors
include outgoing and hostility
- sport & exercise behaviour: does it make us feel good, does it stress us
out, is it good for our mental state?
psychological factors > sport & exercise behaviours > psychological
factors
Who can benefit from sport & exercise psychology? Correct Answer--
any person who wants to or engages in sport or exercise AND is
interested in improving the mental side of sport/exercise (any person
who works with athletes/exercisers)
- learn skills to manage stress, focus & enhance motivation
- individual approach
What is TTM (transtheoretical model)? Correct Answer-- framework to
understand how people initiate & adopt regular PA
- used to study all intentional behavioural change (really hard for people
to adopt a new behaviour and stick with it for over a long period of time)
- behaviour change is a process & it is very hard
,What are the 5 stages of change? (TTM) Correct Answer--
precontemplation
- contemplation
- preparation
- action
- maintenance
What is pre-contemplation? (TTM) Correct Answer-- very stable stage
- individuals do not intend to start exercising in the next 6 months
- lack of information about the consequences of sedentary lifestyle
- failed attempts at exercise in the past Ex. New Years Reso to go gym
but they have experienced failure and do not go back
- Defensive (when you suggest PA to someone who may need it)
- Todays society: people in pre-contemp. may have an idea of the
benefits of PA but aren't really in trouble with their health yet or feel that
they don't need to start yet
What is contemplation? (TTM) Correct Answer-- know exercise is good
& may feel that they should be exercising but are unlikely to act &
commit, they think about it maybe once but don't act on it
- pre-contemp is defined by the indivi. intent to engage in PA
- individuals intend to start exercising in the next 6 months
, What is preparation? (TTM) Correct Answer-- plan of action, have an
idea & now are acting on it > the COGNITIVE thinking is actually being
done
- make very small changes/steps in PA levels (count steps, walking
instead of driving) > good start but don't have lots of health benefits
- preparation is defined by intention & behaviour (are you meeting your
steps & guidelines) cognitive behaviour is turning into actual behaviour
- buying exercise equipment/clothing, looking up exercises online,
making small changes in PA levels are ex of preparing to exercise
What is action (TTM)? Correct Answer-- indiv. actually start exercising
in the past 6 months
- most unstable stage: highest risk for relapse b/c once you start
something it may feel good but it's really hard to keep at it & make it as
a habit & integrate it into your lifestyle
- novelty may wear off > are you going to be able to keep it up
- 1 day to 6 months
- Ex. attending a yoga class for 1 week or attends personal training
sessions
What is maintenance? (TTM) Correct Answer-- exercising is now a
routine part of your lifestyle
- stable stage, can carry out their PA day to day despite obstacles
(exams)
- exercising regularly for over 6 months, exercise is routine
- this stage is not automatic, still have to work to not relapse
