Organic Chemistry Exam 1 (chapters 1-
2) Questions with Answers Rated A+
atoms to the left of carbon _______________ electrons - ANSWER: give up
Atoms to the right of carbon ______________ electrons - ANSWER: accept
carbon __________ electrons - ANSWER: share
number of protons; defines which element - ANSWER: atomic number
sum of protons and neutrons in an isotope - ANSWER: mass number
Same number protons, differing number of neutrons therefore different mass numbers -
ANSWER: isotope
average weighted mass of isotopes of an element as it occurs in nature - ANSWER:
atomic weight
sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in an molecule - ANSWER: molecular weight
gives mathematical equation of wave function that characterizes motion of an electron
around the nucleus - ANSWER: quantum mechanics
describe energy and volume space where electron is most likely to be found -
ANSWER: wave function or orbitals
which atomic orbits have the lowest energy - ANSWER: closest o the nucleus
, aufbau principle - ANSWER: an electron goes into the atomic orbital with the lowest
energy
pauli exclusion principle - ANSWER: no more than two electrons can be in an atomic
orbital
hund's rule - ANSWER: an electron goes into an empty degenerate orbital rather than
pairing up
which elements achieve a filled outer shell by losing an electron - ANSWER: lithium and
sodium
which elements achieve a filled outer shell by gaining an electron - ANSWER: fluorine
and chlorine
formed by the transfer of electrons - ANSWER: ionic bonds
attractive forced between opposite charges - ANSWER: electrostatic attractions
what can a hydrogen atom do? - ANSWER: gain or lose electrons
bond formed by sharing electrons - ANSWER: covalent bond
bonded atoms have different electronegativities - ANSWER: polar covalent bonds
the greater the difference in electronegativity the ____________________________ -
ANSWER: more polar the bond
nonpolar covalent bond - ANSWER: electronegativity difference < 0.5
polar covalent bond - ANSWER: electronegativity difference 0.5-1.9
2) Questions with Answers Rated A+
atoms to the left of carbon _______________ electrons - ANSWER: give up
Atoms to the right of carbon ______________ electrons - ANSWER: accept
carbon __________ electrons - ANSWER: share
number of protons; defines which element - ANSWER: atomic number
sum of protons and neutrons in an isotope - ANSWER: mass number
Same number protons, differing number of neutrons therefore different mass numbers -
ANSWER: isotope
average weighted mass of isotopes of an element as it occurs in nature - ANSWER:
atomic weight
sum of the atomic weights of all atoms in an molecule - ANSWER: molecular weight
gives mathematical equation of wave function that characterizes motion of an electron
around the nucleus - ANSWER: quantum mechanics
describe energy and volume space where electron is most likely to be found -
ANSWER: wave function or orbitals
which atomic orbits have the lowest energy - ANSWER: closest o the nucleus
, aufbau principle - ANSWER: an electron goes into the atomic orbital with the lowest
energy
pauli exclusion principle - ANSWER: no more than two electrons can be in an atomic
orbital
hund's rule - ANSWER: an electron goes into an empty degenerate orbital rather than
pairing up
which elements achieve a filled outer shell by losing an electron - ANSWER: lithium and
sodium
which elements achieve a filled outer shell by gaining an electron - ANSWER: fluorine
and chlorine
formed by the transfer of electrons - ANSWER: ionic bonds
attractive forced between opposite charges - ANSWER: electrostatic attractions
what can a hydrogen atom do? - ANSWER: gain or lose electrons
bond formed by sharing electrons - ANSWER: covalent bond
bonded atoms have different electronegativities - ANSWER: polar covalent bonds
the greater the difference in electronegativity the ____________________________ -
ANSWER: more polar the bond
nonpolar covalent bond - ANSWER: electronegativity difference < 0.5
polar covalent bond - ANSWER: electronegativity difference 0.5-1.9
