Renal and Genitourinary Management

Question 1 A nurse is assessing a patient with acute renal failure. Which laboratory result should the nurse prioritize for evaluation? A) Serum creatinine B) Serum albumin C) Blood glucose D) Hemoglobin Answer: A) Serum creatinine Rationale: Serum creatinine is a key indicator of renal function and helps assess the degree of renal failure. ________________________________________ Question 2 A patient with chronic kidney disease is scheduled for hemodialysis. What should the nurse monitor immediately before the procedure? A) Blood pressure B) Blood glucose C) Serum potassium level D) Urine output Answer: C) Serum potassium level Rationale: High serum potassium levels can lead to life-threatening complications during dialysis; monitoring is crucial before the procedure. ________________________________________ Question 3 Which dietary modification is most appropriate for a patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD)? A) High-protein diet B) Low-sodium diet C) High-carbohydrate diet D) High-potassium diet Answer: B) Low-sodium diet Rationale: Patients with ESRD need to limit sodium to help control blood pressure and reduce fluid retention. ________________________________________ Question 4 A patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis reports abdominal pain. What should the nurse do first? A) Document the patient's complaint B) Administer pain medication C) Assess the patient's abdomen D) Notify the healthcare provider Answer: C) Assess the patient's abdomen Rationale: It is crucial to assess the abdomen for possible complications such as infection or leakage before taking further action. ________________________________________ Question 5 Which of the following assessments is most indicative of fluid overload in a patient with kidney dysfunction? A) Weight gain B) Increased urine output C) Hyperkalemia D) Decreased blood pressure Answer: A) Weight gain Rationale: Weight gain is a reliable indicator of fluid retention in patients with kidney dysfunction. ________________________________________ Question 6 A patient presents with flank pain and hematuria. Which condition should the nurse suspect? A) Urinary tract infection B) Kidney stones C) Renal failure D) Bladder cancer Answer: B) Kidney stones Rationale: Flank pain and hematuria are classic signs of nephrolithiasis (kidney stones). ________________________________________ Question 7 When teaching a patient about urinary incontinence, which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? A) "I should do pelvic floor exercises." B) "I can drink more fluids to help." C) "I should avoid caffeine." D) "I can use bladder training techniques." Answer: B) "I can drink more fluids to help." Rationale: While hydration is important, excessive fluid intake can exacerbate urinary incontinence. ________________________________________ Question 8 A nurse is caring for a patient with acute glomerulonephritis. What is a priority nursing diagnosis for this patient? A) Risk for infection B) Excess fluid volume C) Ineffective breathing pattern D) Impaired skin integrity Answer: B) Excess fluid volume Rationale: Fluid retention is a primary concern in glomerulonephritis due to decreased glomerular filtration rate. ________________________________________ Question 9 A patient with a history of diabetes presents with a foot ulcer. Which is the priority intervention? A) Administer insulin B) Perform wound care C) Assess the patient's blood glucose level D) Teach the patient about foot care Answer: C) Assess the patient's blood glucose level Rationale: Controlling blood glucose levels is critical to prevent further complications in diabetic patients. ________________________________________ Question 10 Which symptom is most commonly associated with a urinary tract infection (UTI) in older adults? A) Fever B) Flank pain C) Confusion D) Dysuria Answer: C) Confusion Rationale: Older adults may present with atypical symptoms like confusion rather than classic UTI symptoms.