Viral Gastroenteritis Management Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - Answers Sensitive method for detecting VZV in skin lesions for
diagnosing varicella
Chickenpox (Varicella) - Answers Acute viral infection causing fever and skin rash, diagnosed via PCR or
IgM testing
Vesicles - Answers Fluid-filled blisters that form in mucous membranes during varicella infection
IgM Testing - Answers Method less sensitive than PCR for varicella diagnosis, may yield false negatives
Paired Acute and Convalescent Sera - Answers Testing method showing rise in IgG antibodies, less
sensitive than PCR for varicella
Blood Testing - Answers Varicella diagnosis method; leukopenia followed by leukocytosis in infected
children
Tzanck Smear - Answers Involves scraping lesion base, staining to show multinucleated giant cells for
varicella diagnosis
Immunohistochemical Staining - Answers Confirms varicella by staining skin lesion scrapings
Antiviral Therapy - Answers Recommended pharmacologic treatment for varicella with acyclovir or
valacyclovir
Varicella Zoster Immune Globulin - Answers Agent reducing complications and mortality rate of varicella,
indicated for high-risk individuals
Reye's Syndrome - Answers Severe encephalomyelitis with liver damage following clinical chickenpox
Postherpetic Neuralgia - Answers Painful condition occurring after shingles lesions heal
Rubella (German Measles) - Answers Mild viral disease with fine rash, less severe than hard measles
Varicella Vaccine - Answers Administered subcutaneously in two doses to prevent chickenpox
Congenital Rubella Syndrome - Answers Caused by rubella in first trimester, leading to fetal death or
malformations
MMRV Vaccine - Answers Approved for healthy children, prevents varicella and other diseases
Droplet Precautions - Answers Used for hospitalized patients with varicella until 7 days after rash onset
Exanthema - Answers Rash that spreads from face to trunk and limbs, a symptom of rubella
Blueberry Muffin Lesions - Answers Characteristic lesions seen in congenital rubella syndrome
Lymphadenopathy - Answers Enlarged lymph nodes, common in rubella and varicella infections
, Trimming Fingernails - Answers Reduces scratching in varicella-infected children
Immunocompromised - Answers Individuals with weakened immune systems, at higher risk for severe
infections
Intrauterine Death - Answers Fetal death occurring due to congenital rubella syndrome
Cell Culture - Answers Laboratory method for propagating rubella virus for diagnosis
Electron Microscopy - Answers Diagnostic technique for visualizing viruses like rubella
Pruritic Lesions - Answers Itchy skin lesions, common in varicella and shingles infections
Meticulous Hygiene - Answers Strict cleanliness measures to prevent secondary infections in patients
Respiratory System Secretions - Answers Fluids from the respiratory tract, a mode of transmission for
varicella
Posterior auricular lymph nodes - Answers Lymph nodes located behind the ear
Suboccipital lymph nodes - Answers Lymph nodes located at the base of the skull
Fever threshold for rubella - Answers Rarely rises above 38°C (100.4°F)
Neuralgic pain prevention - Answers Prompt administration of pain relievers
Forchheimer sign - Answers Reddish maculopapular eruption on the soft palate in rubella
Vitamin A supplements for measles - Answers Given in two doses 24 hours apart to prevent eye damage
MMR vaccine - Answers Prevents measles, mumps, and rubella
Airborne Precautions for measles - Answers Use until 4 days after rash onset
Rhinoviruses - Answers Cause common colds, over 200 types exist
Reservoirs for common cold viruses - Answers Infected humans; transmission via droplets or direct
contact
Influenza types - Answers Caused by types A, B, and C viruses
Influenza transmission - Answers Airborne spread and direct contact
Influenza C virus - Answers Usually does not cause epidemics or severe disease
Influenza pandemics - Answers Associated with severe symptoms, caused by Influenza A virus
Influenza reservoirs - Answers Humans, pigs, and birds; pigs act as 'mixing bowls' for new strains
Influenza diagnostic tests - Answers Include rapid tests and polymerase chain reaction testing
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) - Answers Sensitive method for detecting VZV in skin lesions for
diagnosing varicella
Chickenpox (Varicella) - Answers Acute viral infection causing fever and skin rash, diagnosed via PCR or
IgM testing
Vesicles - Answers Fluid-filled blisters that form in mucous membranes during varicella infection
IgM Testing - Answers Method less sensitive than PCR for varicella diagnosis, may yield false negatives
Paired Acute and Convalescent Sera - Answers Testing method showing rise in IgG antibodies, less
sensitive than PCR for varicella
Blood Testing - Answers Varicella diagnosis method; leukopenia followed by leukocytosis in infected
children
Tzanck Smear - Answers Involves scraping lesion base, staining to show multinucleated giant cells for
varicella diagnosis
Immunohistochemical Staining - Answers Confirms varicella by staining skin lesion scrapings
Antiviral Therapy - Answers Recommended pharmacologic treatment for varicella with acyclovir or
valacyclovir
Varicella Zoster Immune Globulin - Answers Agent reducing complications and mortality rate of varicella,
indicated for high-risk individuals
Reye's Syndrome - Answers Severe encephalomyelitis with liver damage following clinical chickenpox
Postherpetic Neuralgia - Answers Painful condition occurring after shingles lesions heal
Rubella (German Measles) - Answers Mild viral disease with fine rash, less severe than hard measles
Varicella Vaccine - Answers Administered subcutaneously in two doses to prevent chickenpox
Congenital Rubella Syndrome - Answers Caused by rubella in first trimester, leading to fetal death or
malformations
MMRV Vaccine - Answers Approved for healthy children, prevents varicella and other diseases
Droplet Precautions - Answers Used for hospitalized patients with varicella until 7 days after rash onset
Exanthema - Answers Rash that spreads from face to trunk and limbs, a symptom of rubella
Blueberry Muffin Lesions - Answers Characteristic lesions seen in congenital rubella syndrome
Lymphadenopathy - Answers Enlarged lymph nodes, common in rubella and varicella infections
, Trimming Fingernails - Answers Reduces scratching in varicella-infected children
Immunocompromised - Answers Individuals with weakened immune systems, at higher risk for severe
infections
Intrauterine Death - Answers Fetal death occurring due to congenital rubella syndrome
Cell Culture - Answers Laboratory method for propagating rubella virus for diagnosis
Electron Microscopy - Answers Diagnostic technique for visualizing viruses like rubella
Pruritic Lesions - Answers Itchy skin lesions, common in varicella and shingles infections
Meticulous Hygiene - Answers Strict cleanliness measures to prevent secondary infections in patients
Respiratory System Secretions - Answers Fluids from the respiratory tract, a mode of transmission for
varicella
Posterior auricular lymph nodes - Answers Lymph nodes located behind the ear
Suboccipital lymph nodes - Answers Lymph nodes located at the base of the skull
Fever threshold for rubella - Answers Rarely rises above 38°C (100.4°F)
Neuralgic pain prevention - Answers Prompt administration of pain relievers
Forchheimer sign - Answers Reddish maculopapular eruption on the soft palate in rubella
Vitamin A supplements for measles - Answers Given in two doses 24 hours apart to prevent eye damage
MMR vaccine - Answers Prevents measles, mumps, and rubella
Airborne Precautions for measles - Answers Use until 4 days after rash onset
Rhinoviruses - Answers Cause common colds, over 200 types exist
Reservoirs for common cold viruses - Answers Infected humans; transmission via droplets or direct
contact
Influenza types - Answers Caused by types A, B, and C viruses
Influenza transmission - Answers Airborne spread and direct contact
Influenza C virus - Answers Usually does not cause epidemics or severe disease
Influenza pandemics - Answers Associated with severe symptoms, caused by Influenza A virus
Influenza reservoirs - Answers Humans, pigs, and birds; pigs act as 'mixing bowls' for new strains
Influenza diagnostic tests - Answers Include rapid tests and polymerase chain reaction testing
