Pediatric Gastroenteritis Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed

Pediatric Gastroenteritis Exam Questions and Answers Already Passed Acute enteritis or acute gastroenteritis refers to _______ which is abnormally frequent and liquidity of fecal discharges - Answers diarrhea Enteritis can be causes by viruses, bacteria and _____ - Answers parasites The ability of an organism to infect depends on what three factors? - Answers 1. mode of spread 2. ability to colonize within the GI tract 3. the minimum number of organisms required to cause disease Viral causes of gastroenteritis include: - Answers rotaviruses, caliciviruses (noravirus), astroviruses, and enteric adenoviruses What is the most frequent causes of diarrhea during the winter months? - Answers Rotavirus ________ invades the epithelium and damages the villi of the upper small intestine - Answers Rotavirus Typhoid fever is causes by - Answers Salmonella typhi and occasionally Salmonella paratyphi Typhoid fever is distinguished by it's prolonged _______ and _________________ manifestations despite inconsistent presence of diarrhea - Answers fever, extraintestinal Infected persons without symptoms are referred to as _________ and serve as reservoirs and sources of continuous spread - Answers chronic carriers (they often have cholelithiasis -- odd fact) ______________ produces diarrhea by invading the intestinal mucosa. - Answers Nontyphoidal Salmonella Nontyphoidal Salmonella is spread by contact with infected _________ or from contaminated food products such as _____, _____ and ______ - Answers animals dairy, eggs, poultry A large inoculum of 1000-10 billion organisms is required because Salmonella are killed by _______ _______ - Answers gastric acidity Shigella dysenteriae may cause disease by producing the _____ _______ - Answers shiga toxin The shiga toxin will cause diarrhea in addition to other serious symptoms such as...... - Answers high fever and seizures Shigella dysenteriae is spread how? - Answers person to person or by contaminated food products Only certain strains of E. Coli produce diarrhea. Which strain is responsible for many of the epidemics of diarrhea in newborn nurseries and day cares? - Answers EPEC Which strain of E. Coli is commonly know as traveler's diarrhea? - Answers ETEC How do EPEC and ETEC function? - Answers EPEC and ETEC adhere to epithelial cells in the upper small intestine and produce disease by liberating toxins that induce secretion and limit absorption EHEC form of E. Coli may produce a "shiga-like toxin" which is responsible for __________________ and most cases of HUS - Answers hemorrhagic colitis What does HUS stand for? - Answers Hemolytic uremic syndrome How is EHEC spread?? - Answers unpasteurized fruit juices, undercooked beef Bloody diarrhea consider? - Answers EHEC Campylobacter jejuni is spread how? - Answers person to person, contaminated water and food How does campylobacter work? - Answers invades the mucosa of the jejunum, ileum and colon. Yersinia enterocolitica is transmitted by? - Answers pets (and contaminated food: small pig intestines/chitterlings) Anti-biotic associated bacteria is? - Answers C. difficile Viral diarrhea is characterized by what s/s? - Answers watery stools with NO blood or mucus vomiting may be present with dehydration Typhoid fever is characterized by? - Answers bacteremia and fever Dysentery (which shigella is the prototype cause) is characterized by? - Answers blood and mucus, foul smelling and fever Enterotoxigenic disease is caused by agents that produce ________ such as V. cholera and ETEC - Answers enterotoxins Enterotoxigenic agents present with what? - Answers Absent or low grade fever, watery stools without blood or mucus Giardia is characterized by? - Answers insidious onset, anorexia, nausea, gaseousness, abdominal distention, watery diarrhea, secondary lactose intolerance and weight loss LABS: stool specimens should be examined for... - Answers leukocytes, blood, mucus which