EXAM 1 QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE
Epidemiology vv- vvAnswer vvThe vvstudy vvof vvthat vvwhich vvfalls vvupon vvthe vvcommon
vvpeople; vvbranch vvof vvmedical vvscience vvthat vvtreats vvepidemics
Epi="on vvor vvupon"
Demo="the vvcommon vvpeople"
Logy="study"
Epidemiology vvdefinition vv- vvAnswer vvStudy vvof vvDISTRIBUTION vv&
vvDETERMINANTS vvof vvdisease vvFREQUENCY vvin vvhuman vvPOPULATIONS vvand
vvthe vvapplication vvof vvthis vvstudy vvto vvCONTROL vvhealth vvproblems.
Disease vvDistribution vv- vvAnswer vvEpidemiology vvis vvconcerned vvwith vvthe vvfrequency
vvand vvpattern vvof vvhealth vvevents vvin vva vvpop.
># vvevents vvin vva vvpop
>Rate vvor vvrisk vvof vvdisease vvin vva vvpop
What vvis vva vvrate vvand vvwhy vvis vvit vvnecessary? vv(this vvwas vvbolded) vv- vvAnswer vv#
vvevents vvdivided vvby vvsize vvof vvthe vvpop
>allows vvvalid vvcomparisons vvacross vvdiff vvpops
Disease vvDeterminants vv- vvAnswer vv>Epidemiology vvsearches vvfor vvcauses/factors
vvthat vvinfluence vvthe vvoccurrence vvof vvhealth-related vvevents.
>Factors vvthat vveither vvcause vva vvhealthy vvindiv vvto vvbecome vvsick vvor vvcause vva
vvsick vvperson vvto vvrecover
>Include vvan vvindividual's vvgenetics, vvgender, vvage, vvetc.
Disease vvFrequency vv- vvAnswer vvQuantifying vvhow vvoften vva vvdisease vvarises vvin vva
vvpop
>Develop vvdefinition vvof vvdisease vv(case vvdefinition)
>Method vvto vvcount vvcases
>Determining vvsize vvof vvpop
Population vv- vvAnswer vv>Concerned vvwith vvdisease vvoccurrence vvin vvgroups vvof
vvpeople vvrather vvthan vvin vvindividuals
>Group vvof vvpeople vvwith vva vvcommon vvcharacteristic vvsuch vvas vvplace vvof
vvresidence, vvgender, vvage, vvor vvuse vvof vvcertain vvmedical vvservices/resources
Ex. vvHarrisonburg
Disease vvControl vv- vvAnswer vv>Accomplished vvthrough vvepidemiological vvresearch
vvand vvsurveillance
,>Done vvto vvprevent vvthe vvspread vvof vva vvdisease vvand/or vvdecrease vvin vvthe
vvincidence
-notes: vvefforts vvlike vvmasks, vvhand vvsanitizer vvstations, vvflu vvshot, vvadvising vvto
vvstay vvhome/not vvtouch vvface
Objectives/Purposes vvof vvEpidemiology vv- vvAnswer vv1)Identify vvetiology vv(cause) vvof
vva vvdisease vvAND vvthe vvrisk vvfactors vvassociated vvwith vvit.
2)Determine vvthe vvextent vvof vvdisease vvfound vvin vvthe vvcommunity
3)Study vvnatural vvhistory vvand vvprognosis vvof vvdisease
4)Evaluate vvboth vvexisting vvand vvnew vvpreventive vvand vvtherapeutic vvmeasures vvand
vvmodes vvof vvhealth vvcare vvdelivery
5)Provide vvfoundation vvfor vvdeveloping vvpublic vvpolicy vvand vvmaking vvregulatory
vvdecisions vvrelating vvto vvenvironmental vvproblems
What vvis vvan vvEpidemiologist? vv- vvAnswer vvPublic vvhealth vvscientist vvwho vvis
vvresponsible vvfor vvcarrying vvout vvall vvuseful vvand vveffective vvactivities vvneeded vvfor
vvsuccessful vvepidemiology vvpractice; vvUses vvinductive vvand vvdeductive vvreasoning
ex: vvDr. vvJohn vvSnow
What vvis vvPublic vvHealth? vv- vvAnswer vvA vvmultidisciplinary vvfield vvwhose vvgoal vvis
vvto vvpromote vvthe vvhealth vvof vvthe vvpopulation vvthrough vvorganized vvcommunity
vvefforts vv(Pathology, vvToxicology, vvClinical vvor vvmedical vvsciences, vvHealth
vvEducation, vvBehavioral vvscience)
Medicine vvvs. vvPublic vvHealth vv- vvAnswer vv>Hard vvto vvtease vvout vvaccomplishments
vvof vvpublic vvhealth vvfrom vvmedicine
>Top vvTen vvAccomplishments vvof vvPublic vvHealth vvduring vv20th vvCentury
Top vvTen vvAccomplishments vvof vvPublic vvHealth vvduring vv20th vvCentury vv- vvAnswer
vv1) vvVaccinations
2) vvMotor vvvehicle vvsafety
3) vvSafer vvworkplace
4) vvControl vvof vvinfectious vvdiseases
5) vvDecline vvin vvDEATHS vvof vvcoronary vvheart vvdisease vvand vvstroke
6) vvSafer/healthier vvfoods
7) vvHealthier vvmothers vvand vvbabies
8) vvFamily vvplanning
9) vvFluoridation vvdrinking vvwater
10) vvRecognition vvof vvtobacco vvas vvhealth vvhazard
Epidemiology vvand vvPrevention: vvits vvimportant vvto vvidentify vvsubgroups vvin vvthe vvpop
vvwho vvare vvat vvhigh vvrisk vvof vvdisease vvbc: vv- vvAnswer vv>Direct vvpreventive vvefforts
vv- vvsuch vvas vvscreening vvprograms vv(early vvdisease vvdetection)
>May vvbe vvable vvto vvidentify vvspecific vvfactors vvor vvcharacteristics
, Primary vvPrevention vv(-know vvexamples vvof vveach vvof vvthe vv3 vvpreventions) vv-
vvAnswer vvAction vvto vvPREVENT vvthe vvdevelopment vvof vva vvdisease vvin vva vvperson
vvwho vvis vvwell vvand vvdoes vvNOT vvhave vvdisease
ex: vvimmunizations/vaccines, vvreducing vvexposure vv(like vvsmoke) vvof vva vvrisky
vvfactor, vvsleep, vvexercise, vvgood vvdiet, vvcheck vvups, vvwash vvhands, vvhealth
vveducation
note: vvcheckups vvare vvboth vvprimary vvand vvsecondary vvbc vvhealth vveducation vvat
vvcheck vvup vvis vvprimary vvwhile vvscreening vvis vvsecondary
-implemented vvprior vvto vvthe vvdisease vvdeveloping
Secondary vvPrevention vv- vvAnswer vvfor vvpeople vvwho vvhave vvalready vvdeveloped
vvthe vvdisease; vvEarly vvstage vvin vvthe vvdisease's vvnatural vvhistory; vvThrough
vvscreening vvand vvearly vvintervention vv
ex: vvscreening vvfor vvcancer vv(mammogram), vvtesting vvstool vvfor vvcolon vvcancer,
vvblood vvtests, vvbiopsy, vvbp vvcheck, vvself-exams, vvcheck vvups, vvcolonoscopy
-note: vvsecondary vvis vvnot vvreally vvprevention vvof vvdisease, vvit vvis vvtesting/looking
vvfor vvdisease vvearly
Tertiary vvPrevention vv- vvAnswer vvGoal vvis vvto vvslow vvor vvblock vvthe vvprogression vvof
vva vvdisease, vvthereby vvreducing vvimpairments vvand vvdisabilities; vvoccurs vvafter vva
vvclinical vvdiagnosis vv
ex: vvmedication, vvrehabilitation vvfor vvstroke, vvphysical vvtherapy, vvOT, vvchemo,
vvsurgery vvto vvtreat(biopsy vvdoesnt vvcount vvbc vvit vvisnt vvtreating)
NEW vvLECTURE vv(HISTORY): vv5 vvHistorical vvPeople vvin vvEpidemiology vv- vvAnswer
vvHippocrates
James vvLind
Edward vvJenner
William vvFarr
John vvSnow
Hippocrates vv- vvAnswer vv>Father vvof vvMedicine
>First vvrecorded vvEpidemiologist
>Made vvobservations vvabout vvthe vvcause vvand vvspread vvof vvdisease vvin vvpops,
vvwater, vvand vvpersonal vvbehavior
>Made vvsuggestions vvto vvother vvphysicians
>Noted vvthat vvone vvmust vvbe vvobservant, vvmust vvknow vvthe vvdisease vvof vvthe vvarea,
vvbe vvaware vvof vvseasonal vvchanges, vvnotice vvthat vvdifferent vvdiseases vvoccur vvin
vvdifferent vvplaces
>Malaria vvand vvyellow vvfever vv- vvswampy vvareas
>also vvobserved vvdiet, vvexercise, vvand vvtoo vvmuch vvalc vvhas vvimpact vvon vvhealth
-note: vvtook vva vvmore vvrational, vvrather vvthan vva vvsupernatural, vvapproach vvof
vvepidemiology; vvhe vvproposed vvthat vvthings vvlike vvthe vvenvironment vvmight vvaffect
vvhow vvone vvacquires vva vvdisease
James vvLind vv- vvAnswer vv>Ship's vvsurgeon
SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE
Epidemiology vv- vvAnswer vvThe vvstudy vvof vvthat vvwhich vvfalls vvupon vvthe vvcommon
vvpeople; vvbranch vvof vvmedical vvscience vvthat vvtreats vvepidemics
Epi="on vvor vvupon"
Demo="the vvcommon vvpeople"
Logy="study"
Epidemiology vvdefinition vv- vvAnswer vvStudy vvof vvDISTRIBUTION vv&
vvDETERMINANTS vvof vvdisease vvFREQUENCY vvin vvhuman vvPOPULATIONS vvand
vvthe vvapplication vvof vvthis vvstudy vvto vvCONTROL vvhealth vvproblems.
Disease vvDistribution vv- vvAnswer vvEpidemiology vvis vvconcerned vvwith vvthe vvfrequency
vvand vvpattern vvof vvhealth vvevents vvin vva vvpop.
># vvevents vvin vva vvpop
>Rate vvor vvrisk vvof vvdisease vvin vva vvpop
What vvis vva vvrate vvand vvwhy vvis vvit vvnecessary? vv(this vvwas vvbolded) vv- vvAnswer vv#
vvevents vvdivided vvby vvsize vvof vvthe vvpop
>allows vvvalid vvcomparisons vvacross vvdiff vvpops
Disease vvDeterminants vv- vvAnswer vv>Epidemiology vvsearches vvfor vvcauses/factors
vvthat vvinfluence vvthe vvoccurrence vvof vvhealth-related vvevents.
>Factors vvthat vveither vvcause vva vvhealthy vvindiv vvto vvbecome vvsick vvor vvcause vva
vvsick vvperson vvto vvrecover
>Include vvan vvindividual's vvgenetics, vvgender, vvage, vvetc.
Disease vvFrequency vv- vvAnswer vvQuantifying vvhow vvoften vva vvdisease vvarises vvin vva
vvpop
>Develop vvdefinition vvof vvdisease vv(case vvdefinition)
>Method vvto vvcount vvcases
>Determining vvsize vvof vvpop
Population vv- vvAnswer vv>Concerned vvwith vvdisease vvoccurrence vvin vvgroups vvof
vvpeople vvrather vvthan vvin vvindividuals
>Group vvof vvpeople vvwith vva vvcommon vvcharacteristic vvsuch vvas vvplace vvof
vvresidence, vvgender, vvage, vvor vvuse vvof vvcertain vvmedical vvservices/resources
Ex. vvHarrisonburg
Disease vvControl vv- vvAnswer vv>Accomplished vvthrough vvepidemiological vvresearch
vvand vvsurveillance
,>Done vvto vvprevent vvthe vvspread vvof vva vvdisease vvand/or vvdecrease vvin vvthe
vvincidence
-notes: vvefforts vvlike vvmasks, vvhand vvsanitizer vvstations, vvflu vvshot, vvadvising vvto
vvstay vvhome/not vvtouch vvface
Objectives/Purposes vvof vvEpidemiology vv- vvAnswer vv1)Identify vvetiology vv(cause) vvof
vva vvdisease vvAND vvthe vvrisk vvfactors vvassociated vvwith vvit.
2)Determine vvthe vvextent vvof vvdisease vvfound vvin vvthe vvcommunity
3)Study vvnatural vvhistory vvand vvprognosis vvof vvdisease
4)Evaluate vvboth vvexisting vvand vvnew vvpreventive vvand vvtherapeutic vvmeasures vvand
vvmodes vvof vvhealth vvcare vvdelivery
5)Provide vvfoundation vvfor vvdeveloping vvpublic vvpolicy vvand vvmaking vvregulatory
vvdecisions vvrelating vvto vvenvironmental vvproblems
What vvis vvan vvEpidemiologist? vv- vvAnswer vvPublic vvhealth vvscientist vvwho vvis
vvresponsible vvfor vvcarrying vvout vvall vvuseful vvand vveffective vvactivities vvneeded vvfor
vvsuccessful vvepidemiology vvpractice; vvUses vvinductive vvand vvdeductive vvreasoning
ex: vvDr. vvJohn vvSnow
What vvis vvPublic vvHealth? vv- vvAnswer vvA vvmultidisciplinary vvfield vvwhose vvgoal vvis
vvto vvpromote vvthe vvhealth vvof vvthe vvpopulation vvthrough vvorganized vvcommunity
vvefforts vv(Pathology, vvToxicology, vvClinical vvor vvmedical vvsciences, vvHealth
vvEducation, vvBehavioral vvscience)
Medicine vvvs. vvPublic vvHealth vv- vvAnswer vv>Hard vvto vvtease vvout vvaccomplishments
vvof vvpublic vvhealth vvfrom vvmedicine
>Top vvTen vvAccomplishments vvof vvPublic vvHealth vvduring vv20th vvCentury
Top vvTen vvAccomplishments vvof vvPublic vvHealth vvduring vv20th vvCentury vv- vvAnswer
vv1) vvVaccinations
2) vvMotor vvvehicle vvsafety
3) vvSafer vvworkplace
4) vvControl vvof vvinfectious vvdiseases
5) vvDecline vvin vvDEATHS vvof vvcoronary vvheart vvdisease vvand vvstroke
6) vvSafer/healthier vvfoods
7) vvHealthier vvmothers vvand vvbabies
8) vvFamily vvplanning
9) vvFluoridation vvdrinking vvwater
10) vvRecognition vvof vvtobacco vvas vvhealth vvhazard
Epidemiology vvand vvPrevention: vvits vvimportant vvto vvidentify vvsubgroups vvin vvthe vvpop
vvwho vvare vvat vvhigh vvrisk vvof vvdisease vvbc: vv- vvAnswer vv>Direct vvpreventive vvefforts
vv- vvsuch vvas vvscreening vvprograms vv(early vvdisease vvdetection)
>May vvbe vvable vvto vvidentify vvspecific vvfactors vvor vvcharacteristics
, Primary vvPrevention vv(-know vvexamples vvof vveach vvof vvthe vv3 vvpreventions) vv-
vvAnswer vvAction vvto vvPREVENT vvthe vvdevelopment vvof vva vvdisease vvin vva vvperson
vvwho vvis vvwell vvand vvdoes vvNOT vvhave vvdisease
ex: vvimmunizations/vaccines, vvreducing vvexposure vv(like vvsmoke) vvof vva vvrisky
vvfactor, vvsleep, vvexercise, vvgood vvdiet, vvcheck vvups, vvwash vvhands, vvhealth
vveducation
note: vvcheckups vvare vvboth vvprimary vvand vvsecondary vvbc vvhealth vveducation vvat
vvcheck vvup vvis vvprimary vvwhile vvscreening vvis vvsecondary
-implemented vvprior vvto vvthe vvdisease vvdeveloping
Secondary vvPrevention vv- vvAnswer vvfor vvpeople vvwho vvhave vvalready vvdeveloped
vvthe vvdisease; vvEarly vvstage vvin vvthe vvdisease's vvnatural vvhistory; vvThrough
vvscreening vvand vvearly vvintervention vv
ex: vvscreening vvfor vvcancer vv(mammogram), vvtesting vvstool vvfor vvcolon vvcancer,
vvblood vvtests, vvbiopsy, vvbp vvcheck, vvself-exams, vvcheck vvups, vvcolonoscopy
-note: vvsecondary vvis vvnot vvreally vvprevention vvof vvdisease, vvit vvis vvtesting/looking
vvfor vvdisease vvearly
Tertiary vvPrevention vv- vvAnswer vvGoal vvis vvto vvslow vvor vvblock vvthe vvprogression vvof
vva vvdisease, vvthereby vvreducing vvimpairments vvand vvdisabilities; vvoccurs vvafter vva
vvclinical vvdiagnosis vv
ex: vvmedication, vvrehabilitation vvfor vvstroke, vvphysical vvtherapy, vvOT, vvchemo,
vvsurgery vvto vvtreat(biopsy vvdoesnt vvcount vvbc vvit vvisnt vvtreating)
NEW vvLECTURE vv(HISTORY): vv5 vvHistorical vvPeople vvin vvEpidemiology vv- vvAnswer
vvHippocrates
James vvLind
Edward vvJenner
William vvFarr
John vvSnow
Hippocrates vv- vvAnswer vv>Father vvof vvMedicine
>First vvrecorded vvEpidemiologist
>Made vvobservations vvabout vvthe vvcause vvand vvspread vvof vvdisease vvin vvpops,
vvwater, vvand vvpersonal vvbehavior
>Made vvsuggestions vvto vvother vvphysicians
>Noted vvthat vvone vvmust vvbe vvobservant, vvmust vvknow vvthe vvdisease vvof vvthe vvarea,
vvbe vvaware vvof vvseasonal vvchanges, vvnotice vvthat vvdifferent vvdiseases vvoccur vvin
vvdifferent vvplaces
>Malaria vvand vvyellow vvfever vv- vvswampy vvareas
>also vvobserved vvdiet, vvexercise, vvand vvtoo vvmuch vvalc vvhas vvimpact vvon vvhealth
-note: vvtook vva vvmore vvrational, vvrather vvthan vva vvsupernatural, vvapproach vvof
vvepidemiology; vvhe vvproposed vvthat vvthings vvlike vvthe vvenvironment vvmight vvaffect
vvhow vvone vvacquires vva vvdisease
James vvLind vv- vvAnswer vv>Ship's vvsurgeon
