Gastroenteritis in Children Test Questions with Complete Solutions Rated 100%

Gastroenteritis in Children Test Questions with Complete Solutions Rated 100% Oral rehydration tehrapy - Answers Rehydration and maintenance fluids combined with age appropriate nutrition Zinc supplementation - Answers Reduces incidence and severity of diarrheal disease Rotavirus - Answers 1/3 of all hospitalizations for diarrhea among US children under 5 2 phases of ORT - Answers Rehydration - water and lytes via ORS Maintenance - replacement of ongoing fluid and lyte losses, adequate dietary intake Standard of care for efficacious and effective management of acute gastro - Answers ORT Na-coupled solute cotransport mechnaisms - Answers Allow for reabsorption of salt and water even in acute diarrhea Osmotic diarrhea - Answers Fluid and electrolyte loss caused by malabsorbed intestinal contents Mechanism of ORS - Answers Coupled transport of sodium and glucose molecules facilitated by protein sodium glucose cotransporter 1 GLUT2 - Answers Transports glucose into blood from enterocyte Problem with solutions with high concentrations of cotransporters - Answers Decrease rather than improve sodium and water transport into bloodstream Optimal sodium glucose ratio - Answers 1:1 All families should have a supply of - Answers ORS Infants are more prone to dehydration due to - Answers Higher body surface:volume ratio, higher metabolic rate, smaller fluid reserves, dependence on others for fluid Acute diarrhea - Answers 3+ watery stools/day Primary cause of morbidity in acute gastro - Answers Dehydration and electrolyte losses Vomiting can be the first sign of - Answers Metabolic disorders, CHF, toxic agent ingestion, trauma Dehydration assessment - Answers Decrease in BP late sign Increased HR and reduced peripheral perfusion - more sensitive of moderate dehydration Decreased urine output sensitive but nonspecific Increased specific gravity Signs that appear at each % of dehydration - Answers First signs 3-4% More signs 5% Signs indicating severe dehydration 9-10% Stool cultures indicated in - Answers Dysentery Basic principles guiding optimal treatment of acute gastro - Answers ORS within 3-4h Age appropriate diet as soon as dehydration corrected Continue breastfeeding infants Do not dilute formula or use special formula Additional ORS for ongoing losses Breastfeeding - Answers Continued at all times, even initial rehydration Lactose restriction - Answers Not usually necessary, may be helpful in severe enteropathy or malnutrition Antidiarrheal medication recommendations - Answers Not recommended for infants and children Minimal dehydration fluid replacement - Answers 1 mL/gram of output Mild to moderate dehydration fluid replacement - Answers 50-100 mL/kg body weight during 2-4 hours Rapid IV vs NG rehydration - Answers NG more well tolerated, cost effective, fewer complications Severe dehydration fluid replacement - Answers Immediate IV rehydration 20 mL/kg body weight with N/S or LR If overhydration occurs do not use diuretics Oral therapy as soon as LOC normal Inpatient care indications - Answers Caregivers cannot provide adeuate care Difficult to admin ORT Other possible illness