NR 283 | NR283 Pathophysiology Final
Exam Review | Complete Study Guide |
Rated A+ | 2024/2025 Guide
Basilar Fractures
- Correct Answer - - fractures that occur at the BASE of the skull and are
often accompanied by leaking of CSF through the ears or nose
- these fractures may occur when the forehead hits a car windshield with
considerable force
- cranial nerve damage and dark discoloration around the eyes are
common
Contrecoup Injury
- Correct Answer - - head goes back and forth, affects front and back
- occurs when an area of the brain contralateral to the site of direct
damage is injured as the brain bounces off the skull
- this injury may be secondary to acceleration or deceleration injuries, in
which the skull and brain hit a solid object, which causes the brain to
rebound against the opposite side of the skull, usually causing minor
damage
Iatrogenic
- Correct Answer - - a disease caused by a treatment, procedure, or
error
Examples of Iatrogenic Diseases:
- bladder infection following catheterization
- bone marrow damage caused by a prescribed drug
,Nosocomial Infections
- Correct Answer - - an infection acquired while hospitalized
- infections that occur in health care facilities, including hospitals, nursing
homes, doctors' offices, and dental offices
Orthopnea
- Correct Answer - - difficult or labored breathing when recumbent that is
usually relieved by an upright position
Modifiable Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis
- Correct Answer - - obesity
- cigarette smoking combined with oral contraceptives
- sedentary lifestyle
- diabetes mellitus
- poorly controlled hypertension
- high blood pressure combined with high blood cholesterol
Pulmonary Edema
- Correct Answer - - refers to fluid collecting in the alveoli and interstitial
area
Main Sign and Symptom:
- frothy, blood-tinged sputum
Tonic (Phase of Seizure) - Correct Answer - - conTraction phase
cLonic (Phase of Seizure) - Correct Answer - - reLaxation phase
, Homeostasis - Correct Answer - - a relatively stable or constant
environment in the body, including blood pressure, temperature, and pH,
maintained by the various control mechanisms
- is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment
regardless of external changes
- disease develops when significant changes occur in the body, leading
to a state in which homeostasis cannot be maintained without
intervention
What is the difference between Angina and Myocardial Infarction (MI)? -
Correct Answer - - a myocardial infarction is a serious condition where
there is complete blockage of blood supply to the heart
- in contrast, stable angina is chest pain or discomfort that usually occurs
with activity or stress resulting from poor blood flow through the blood
vessels in the heart
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) - Correct Answer - - occurs when the
heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic needs of
the body
- left side: leads to pulmonary congestion (Left is for Lungs)
- right side: systemic circulation
Crohn's Disease - Correct Answer - - nonbloody diarrhea
Exam Review | Complete Study Guide |
Rated A+ | 2024/2025 Guide
Basilar Fractures
- Correct Answer - - fractures that occur at the BASE of the skull and are
often accompanied by leaking of CSF through the ears or nose
- these fractures may occur when the forehead hits a car windshield with
considerable force
- cranial nerve damage and dark discoloration around the eyes are
common
Contrecoup Injury
- Correct Answer - - head goes back and forth, affects front and back
- occurs when an area of the brain contralateral to the site of direct
damage is injured as the brain bounces off the skull
- this injury may be secondary to acceleration or deceleration injuries, in
which the skull and brain hit a solid object, which causes the brain to
rebound against the opposite side of the skull, usually causing minor
damage
Iatrogenic
- Correct Answer - - a disease caused by a treatment, procedure, or
error
Examples of Iatrogenic Diseases:
- bladder infection following catheterization
- bone marrow damage caused by a prescribed drug
,Nosocomial Infections
- Correct Answer - - an infection acquired while hospitalized
- infections that occur in health care facilities, including hospitals, nursing
homes, doctors' offices, and dental offices
Orthopnea
- Correct Answer - - difficult or labored breathing when recumbent that is
usually relieved by an upright position
Modifiable Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis
- Correct Answer - - obesity
- cigarette smoking combined with oral contraceptives
- sedentary lifestyle
- diabetes mellitus
- poorly controlled hypertension
- high blood pressure combined with high blood cholesterol
Pulmonary Edema
- Correct Answer - - refers to fluid collecting in the alveoli and interstitial
area
Main Sign and Symptom:
- frothy, blood-tinged sputum
Tonic (Phase of Seizure) - Correct Answer - - conTraction phase
cLonic (Phase of Seizure) - Correct Answer - - reLaxation phase
, Homeostasis - Correct Answer - - a relatively stable or constant
environment in the body, including blood pressure, temperature, and pH,
maintained by the various control mechanisms
- is the maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment
regardless of external changes
- disease develops when significant changes occur in the body, leading
to a state in which homeostasis cannot be maintained without
intervention
What is the difference between Angina and Myocardial Infarction (MI)? -
Correct Answer - - a myocardial infarction is a serious condition where
there is complete blockage of blood supply to the heart
- in contrast, stable angina is chest pain or discomfort that usually occurs
with activity or stress resulting from poor blood flow through the blood
vessels in the heart
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) - Correct Answer - - occurs when the
heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to meet the metabolic needs of
the body
- left side: leads to pulmonary congestion (Left is for Lungs)
- right side: systemic circulation
Crohn's Disease - Correct Answer - - nonbloody diarrhea
