UMD BSCI 330 exam 1 Questions With Answers Graded A+ Assured Success

in condensation reactions, removing H2O ____. While adding H2O ____ - ️️in condensation reactions, removing H2O forms molecules. While adding H2O breaks down molecules. describe chemical feature(s) of amino acids - ️️uniform chemical structure w/ directionality - amino terminus -carboyl terminus -R group what is the difference between seeing and visualizing? - ️️seeing- can detect visualizing- seeing shapes, structures, measuring Given the following building blocks ==> structures sugar fatty acid amino acid nucleotides - ️️sugar ==> polysaccharides fatty acid ==> fat, lipids, membranes amino acid ==> protein nucleotides ==> nucleic acid condensation reactions link ___ to form ___ - ️️condensation reactions link monomers to form polymers what structure is the plant cell wall made of? - ️️carbohydrates describe the chemical nature of carbohydrates - ️️- highly polar -hydrophilic -H bond forming describe the chemical feature(s) of carbohydrates - ️️- linear chain OR -ring (polymer) -several OH groups (potential for linkage) why can we digest starch & not cellulose - ️️starch has alpha link b/t glycosidic bonds. cellulose has beta link and we dont have a beta naming linkages, position 1 OH group determines... - ️️Beta - Up Alpha - Down the ___ nature of lipids can be membranes/barriers between 2 aqueous compartments - ️️hydrophobic describe the chemical feature(s) of lipids - ️️hydroen chains w/ polar COOH at the ends describe the chemical nature of lipids - ️️amphipathic (one end likes water) Describe a phospolipid - ️️- x2 fatty acid tails (nonpolar/hydrophobic) -head group (polar/hydrophillic)(charged Phosphate) Describe Tay-Sachs disease - ️️neuron cells mutated and improperly metabolize gangleoside (Gm2) as it accumulates describe chemical narure of amino acids - ️️R group varies what is pK ? - ️️pH at which 1/2 the molecules of an ionizable substance are charged Which amino acid side chain is closest to physiological pH? - ️️Histadine Name the polar amino acid side chains - ️️- serine - threonine - cysteine - tyrosine - asparagine - glutamine Name the electrically charged amino acid side chains - ️️Acidic asparate & glutamate Basic lysine, arginine, histadine Describe chemical features of nucleotides - ️️uniform structure w/ side group variability (N base) Describe the chemical nature of nucleotides - ️️polar, chargeddescribe the first law of thermodynamics - ️️Energy cannot be created or destroyed describe the second law of thermodynamics - ️️Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Reactions that decreases avaliability of usable energy ___ energetically favorable, thus ___ - ️️1.) ARE 2.) Spontaneous Reactions that increase avaliability of usable energy ___ energetically favorable, thus ___ - ️️1.) AREN'T 2.) Nonspontaneous A spontaneous reaction occurs w or w/o the addition of external energy - ️️WITHOUT The universe is a ___ system => we ___ add energy to the universe => disoeder ___ - ️️The universe is a closed system => we cant add energy to the universe => disoeder increases a cells plasma membrane is a ___ boundary - ️️regulated