Urology and Male Reproduction Chapter 41 Review Questions with Complete Solutions Graded A+
Afferent - Answers Pertains to carrying toward a structure.
Anticoagulant - Answers A substance (i.e medication or chemical) that prevents the clotting of blood.
Antihyperlipidemic - Answers a drug that lowers the lipid levels in the blood.
Antihypersensitive - Answers A drug that reduces high blood pressure.
Arterioles - Answers Small arteries.
Arteriovenous - Answers Pertains to the arteries and veins.
Arteriovenous Fistula - Answers An abnormal joining of an artery and vein.
Calculi - Answers Stones formed in the kidneys, gallbladder, and other parts of the body.
Catheter - Answers A hollow, flexible tube that can be inserted into a vessel, organ, or cavity of the body
to withdraw or instill fluid, monitor information, and visualize a vessel or cavity.
Corticosteroids - Answers A group of steroid hormones produced in the body or given as a drug; some
have metabolic functions, and others decrease tissue inflammation. Glucocorticoids and
mineralocorticoids are two types.
Diuretic - Answers A drug that increases the amount of urine produced.
Efferent - Answers Pertains to carrying away from a structure.
Erythropoietin - Answers A hormone that is produced by the kidney cells and travels to the bone
marrow to stimulate red blood cell formation.
Filtrate - Answers Fluid and substances that are filtered out of the blood in the bowman capsule.
Graft - Answers Tissue taken from one area in the body and inserted into another area or person.
Hydronephrosis - Answers A backup of urine that causes dilation of the ureters and calyces; can increase
pressure on the nephron units.
Hyperlipidemia - Answers An elevated level of lipids in the blood.
hypoalbuminemia - Answers A decreased level of albumin (protein) in the blood.
Intermittent - Answers Occurring in intervals.
Interstitial - Answers Between the cells.
Interstitial cells - Answers Testosterone-secreting cells of testes that are found in the spaces between
the seminiferous tubules.
,Intravenous (IV) - Answers Through a vein; fluids and medications can be given through a vein.
Metabolites - Answers Byproducts of drug metabolism.
Nephrectomy - Answers Surgical removal of a kidney.
Neuropathy - Answers A nervous system disorder of the peripheral nerves that causes discomfort,
numbness, and weakness, especially in the extremities.
Peritoneum - Answers A serous membrane lining of the abdominal cavity, which folds inward to enclose
the viscera (Internal organs).
Peritubular Capillaries - Answers Blood capillaries surrounding the proximal and distal convoluted
tubules in the kidneys.
Permeability - Answers A quality or characteristic of a material that allows another substance to pass
through it.
Pruritus - Answers Itching.
Puberty - Answers The stage of life in which males and females become functionally capable of sexual
reproduction.
Residual Urine - Answers Urine that remains in the bladder after micturition or urination.
Rugae - Answers Folds in the wall of the organ; when the organ (Stomach, bladder, uterus) fills of needs
to expand, the rugae unfold.
Septicemia - Answers A systemic infection involving pathologic microbes in the blood as a result of an
infection that has spread from elsewhere in the body.
Spermatozoa (Singular, spermatoza) - Answers Mature male reproductive cells.
Stoma - Answers A temporary or permanent surgically created opening used for drainage (urine, stool).
Stretch Receptor - Answers A sensory nerve ending that responds to a stretch stimulus.
Testis (Plural, testes) - Answers The male gonad, also called a testicle.
Testosterone - Answers Male sex hormone produced by the interstitial cells in the testes.
Transitional Epithelium - Answers A type of cell found in the lining of hollow organs. It has the ability to
stretch with the contraction and distention of the organ.
Urostomy - Answers A surgically created opening on the abdominal wall used to drain urine.
Vascular Access - Answers A surgical procedure that creates a vein to remove and return blood during
the hemodialysis procedure.
, Venule - Answers A very small vein.
Urology - Answers Is the healthcare specialty that deals with most urinary and male reproductive
disorders.
Urologists - Answers Is a specialist involved in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disorders of
the urinary system and the male reproductive system.
Urinary System - Answers Urinary system is composed of:
-Two kidneys
-Two ureters
-Urinary bladder
-Urethra
1. Kidneys filter blood and eliminate waste through passage of urine
2. Ureters move urine from kidneys to bladder
3. Urinary bladder stores urine until it is excreted
4. Urethra is the tube that conducts urine out of bladder
Kidneys - Answers -Kidneys are bean-shaped organs that are the size of a fist and are located posterior
to peritoneum, the muscles of the back, and between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. The left kidney is about
1 inch (2cm) higher than the right because of the liver.
-Kidneys remove unwanted substances from blood and from urine for excretion
-Blood is delivered to the two kidneys by the renal arteries, which branch off the abdominal aorta.
-Blood flows from the renal arteries into afferent arterioles and then through a network of capillaries
(Glomeruli) Filtration of the blood occurs in the glomerulus.
-Blood from the glomerulus moves into the efferent arterioles and then into the peritubular capillaries
as the blood leaves the kidneys it moves from the peritubular capillaries to venules and empties into the
renal vein.
-Renal vein takes the blood out of the kidneys, blood from renal veins flows into the inferior vena cava
as it heads to the heart to become oxygenated again.
Hilum - Answers (An indention) is the location on the kidney where the ureter and renal vein leave the
kidney and the renal artery enters.
Afferent - Answers Pertains to carrying toward a structure.
Anticoagulant - Answers A substance (i.e medication or chemical) that prevents the clotting of blood.
Antihyperlipidemic - Answers a drug that lowers the lipid levels in the blood.
Antihypersensitive - Answers A drug that reduces high blood pressure.
Arterioles - Answers Small arteries.
Arteriovenous - Answers Pertains to the arteries and veins.
Arteriovenous Fistula - Answers An abnormal joining of an artery and vein.
Calculi - Answers Stones formed in the kidneys, gallbladder, and other parts of the body.
Catheter - Answers A hollow, flexible tube that can be inserted into a vessel, organ, or cavity of the body
to withdraw or instill fluid, monitor information, and visualize a vessel or cavity.
Corticosteroids - Answers A group of steroid hormones produced in the body or given as a drug; some
have metabolic functions, and others decrease tissue inflammation. Glucocorticoids and
mineralocorticoids are two types.
Diuretic - Answers A drug that increases the amount of urine produced.
Efferent - Answers Pertains to carrying away from a structure.
Erythropoietin - Answers A hormone that is produced by the kidney cells and travels to the bone
marrow to stimulate red blood cell formation.
Filtrate - Answers Fluid and substances that are filtered out of the blood in the bowman capsule.
Graft - Answers Tissue taken from one area in the body and inserted into another area or person.
Hydronephrosis - Answers A backup of urine that causes dilation of the ureters and calyces; can increase
pressure on the nephron units.
Hyperlipidemia - Answers An elevated level of lipids in the blood.
hypoalbuminemia - Answers A decreased level of albumin (protein) in the blood.
Intermittent - Answers Occurring in intervals.
Interstitial - Answers Between the cells.
Interstitial cells - Answers Testosterone-secreting cells of testes that are found in the spaces between
the seminiferous tubules.
,Intravenous (IV) - Answers Through a vein; fluids and medications can be given through a vein.
Metabolites - Answers Byproducts of drug metabolism.
Nephrectomy - Answers Surgical removal of a kidney.
Neuropathy - Answers A nervous system disorder of the peripheral nerves that causes discomfort,
numbness, and weakness, especially in the extremities.
Peritoneum - Answers A serous membrane lining of the abdominal cavity, which folds inward to enclose
the viscera (Internal organs).
Peritubular Capillaries - Answers Blood capillaries surrounding the proximal and distal convoluted
tubules in the kidneys.
Permeability - Answers A quality or characteristic of a material that allows another substance to pass
through it.
Pruritus - Answers Itching.
Puberty - Answers The stage of life in which males and females become functionally capable of sexual
reproduction.
Residual Urine - Answers Urine that remains in the bladder after micturition or urination.
Rugae - Answers Folds in the wall of the organ; when the organ (Stomach, bladder, uterus) fills of needs
to expand, the rugae unfold.
Septicemia - Answers A systemic infection involving pathologic microbes in the blood as a result of an
infection that has spread from elsewhere in the body.
Spermatozoa (Singular, spermatoza) - Answers Mature male reproductive cells.
Stoma - Answers A temporary or permanent surgically created opening used for drainage (urine, stool).
Stretch Receptor - Answers A sensory nerve ending that responds to a stretch stimulus.
Testis (Plural, testes) - Answers The male gonad, also called a testicle.
Testosterone - Answers Male sex hormone produced by the interstitial cells in the testes.
Transitional Epithelium - Answers A type of cell found in the lining of hollow organs. It has the ability to
stretch with the contraction and distention of the organ.
Urostomy - Answers A surgically created opening on the abdominal wall used to drain urine.
Vascular Access - Answers A surgical procedure that creates a vein to remove and return blood during
the hemodialysis procedure.
, Venule - Answers A very small vein.
Urology - Answers Is the healthcare specialty that deals with most urinary and male reproductive
disorders.
Urologists - Answers Is a specialist involved in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disorders of
the urinary system and the male reproductive system.
Urinary System - Answers Urinary system is composed of:
-Two kidneys
-Two ureters
-Urinary bladder
-Urethra
1. Kidneys filter blood and eliminate waste through passage of urine
2. Ureters move urine from kidneys to bladder
3. Urinary bladder stores urine until it is excreted
4. Urethra is the tube that conducts urine out of bladder
Kidneys - Answers -Kidneys are bean-shaped organs that are the size of a fist and are located posterior
to peritoneum, the muscles of the back, and between the T12 and L3 vertebrae. The left kidney is about
1 inch (2cm) higher than the right because of the liver.
-Kidneys remove unwanted substances from blood and from urine for excretion
-Blood is delivered to the two kidneys by the renal arteries, which branch off the abdominal aorta.
-Blood flows from the renal arteries into afferent arterioles and then through a network of capillaries
(Glomeruli) Filtration of the blood occurs in the glomerulus.
-Blood from the glomerulus moves into the efferent arterioles and then into the peritubular capillaries
as the blood leaves the kidneys it moves from the peritubular capillaries to venules and empties into the
renal vein.
-Renal vein takes the blood out of the kidneys, blood from renal veins flows into the inferior vena cava
as it heads to the heart to become oxygenated again.
Hilum - Answers (An indention) is the location on the kidney where the ureter and renal vein leave the
kidney and the renal artery enters.
