MRCPsych Paper A - Behavioural Science And Socio-
Cultural Psychiatry: Qs & As
Melanie Klein introduced the following concepts:- Right Ans - Paranoid-
schizoid position - a state of fragmentation where the mind divides the world
into all good or all bad (splitting)
Depressive position - follows paranoid - schz position, acceptance of good and
bad (ambialence)
Atkinson and Shiffrinâs 1968 model describes Right Ans - memory theory
Memory Right Ans - 3 parts: the ability to store, retain and retrieve
information over time
Sensory memory Right Ans - the immediate, very brief recording/retaining
of sensory information in the memory system
Sensory memory type
Echoic memory - Gathered through auditory stimuli
Iconic memory - Gathered through sight - lasts 1s
Haptic memory. - Acquired through touch
Short-Term/Working Memory (STM) Right Ans - Short-term memory is the
ability to keep a small amount of information available for a short period, over
seconds
Information in this memory system is usually retained only momentarily
Working memory is the maintenance and controlled manipulation of a limited
amount of information before recall (hence the working component in the
name)
Long-term memory Right Ans - a type of storage that holds information for
hours, days, weeks, or years
Memories that can be consciously retrieved are referred to as declarative (or
explicit) memories. Those which cannot are called nondeclarative (or implicit)
memories.
, Long-term memory (LTM) types Right Ans - Declarative:
Memory that you can CONSCIOUSLY retrieve
Types: Episodic and semantic
Episodic: details of events, places, times,
Stores personal experiences.
Proper functioning relies on the cortex near the hippocampus.
learning here is rapid.
Semantic: facts and figures eg the number of countries/continents in the
world.
storage here is slow and requires repetition and multiple exposures eg
studying for exams
Long term memory types Right Ans - Non declarative:
memory you cannot CONSCIOUSLY retrieve
4 types
Procedural: Recalls motor and executive skills that are necessary to perform a
task. Difficult to articulate.
Can also be formed without conscious awareness and is Retrieved
automatically for use in the implementation
Examples include, how to ride a bike or drive a car, how to play the drums,
how to solve a puzzle, and how to walk
Associative memory: think pavlovs classical and operant conditioning.
Retrival is asssociated with some other information.
Non associative: Habituation (see-finish syndrome) where less response is
achieve with repeated exposure(stimulation) and Sensitisation where more
response is achieved with exposure to stimulus.
Primimg: Effect whereby exposure to certain stimuli influences the response
given to stimuli presented later eg inception movie. You 'plant' something that
influences a response to something else.
Cultural Psychiatry: Qs & As
Melanie Klein introduced the following concepts:- Right Ans - Paranoid-
schizoid position - a state of fragmentation where the mind divides the world
into all good or all bad (splitting)
Depressive position - follows paranoid - schz position, acceptance of good and
bad (ambialence)
Atkinson and Shiffrinâs 1968 model describes Right Ans - memory theory
Memory Right Ans - 3 parts: the ability to store, retain and retrieve
information over time
Sensory memory Right Ans - the immediate, very brief recording/retaining
of sensory information in the memory system
Sensory memory type
Echoic memory - Gathered through auditory stimuli
Iconic memory - Gathered through sight - lasts 1s
Haptic memory. - Acquired through touch
Short-Term/Working Memory (STM) Right Ans - Short-term memory is the
ability to keep a small amount of information available for a short period, over
seconds
Information in this memory system is usually retained only momentarily
Working memory is the maintenance and controlled manipulation of a limited
amount of information before recall (hence the working component in the
name)
Long-term memory Right Ans - a type of storage that holds information for
hours, days, weeks, or years
Memories that can be consciously retrieved are referred to as declarative (or
explicit) memories. Those which cannot are called nondeclarative (or implicit)
memories.
, Long-term memory (LTM) types Right Ans - Declarative:
Memory that you can CONSCIOUSLY retrieve
Types: Episodic and semantic
Episodic: details of events, places, times,
Stores personal experiences.
Proper functioning relies on the cortex near the hippocampus.
learning here is rapid.
Semantic: facts and figures eg the number of countries/continents in the
world.
storage here is slow and requires repetition and multiple exposures eg
studying for exams
Long term memory types Right Ans - Non declarative:
memory you cannot CONSCIOUSLY retrieve
4 types
Procedural: Recalls motor and executive skills that are necessary to perform a
task. Difficult to articulate.
Can also be formed without conscious awareness and is Retrieved
automatically for use in the implementation
Examples include, how to ride a bike or drive a car, how to play the drums,
how to solve a puzzle, and how to walk
Associative memory: think pavlovs classical and operant conditioning.
Retrival is asssociated with some other information.
Non associative: Habituation (see-finish syndrome) where less response is
achieve with repeated exposure(stimulation) and Sensitisation where more
response is achieved with exposure to stimulus.
Primimg: Effect whereby exposure to certain stimuli influences the response
given to stimuli presented later eg inception movie. You 'plant' something that
influences a response to something else.
