BA 300 Final Exam – Romano Questions with
Complete Solutions
Ethical Awareness -> Ethical Judgement -> Ethical Behavior
What is the process of Individual Ethical Decision Making Behavior
1. Peers consider it to be morally problematic
2. Moral language is used when the problem is presented
3. Decision could cause serious harm to others
What makes someone more likely to recognize moral issues?
Gather the facts
1st step in sound ethical decision making
Check your gut
Last step to sound ethical decision making
"Everyone's doing it" - we feel pressured to go along. Helps us rationalize unethical behavior
Group Norms
1. Rewards and Punishments
2. Roles at work
3. Diffusion of Responsibility
What are organizational pressures that affect moral behavior?
Believe that external forces effect their live's outcome
External Locus of Control
Believe that they themselves effect their live's outcome
Internal Locus of Control
,Maximize the common good
Utilitarianism - Decision Rule
Replaces partiality with science
Utilitarianism - Biggest Pro
The means don't matter
Utilitarianism - Biggest Con
"The ones who walk away from omelas"
Utilitarianism - Example
Freedom from force
Rights Theory - Decision Rule
Virtually complete freedom of action with minimal government intrusion
Rights Theory - Biggest Pro
Disregard for the interest of others
Rights Theory - Biggest Con
Pay day loans
Rights Theory Example
Greatest benefit to the least advantaged
Theory of Justice - Decision Rule
Unbiased approach to social justice
Theory of Justice - Biggest Pro
Denies free will, meritocracy
Theory of Justice - Biggest Con
Ben and Jerry's Ice Cream
Theory of Justice Example
Be rational and be all that you can be
Objectivism - Decision Rule
Reinforces personal responsibility
Objectivism - Biggest Pro
Individualistic and Judgemental
,Objectivism - Biggest Con
Motive Communications
Objectivism Example
Focus on relationships and responsibilities
Ethic of care - Decision Rule
Protects the weak and innocent
Ethic of care - Biggest Pro
Neglects justice
Ethic of care - Biggest Con
Certain small, entrepreneurial businesses
Ethic of care Example
Action does not violate a global hypernorm or local authentic norm
Integrative Social Contract Theory - Decision Rule
Adapts to variations in local norms within some global limits
Integrative Social Contract Theory - Biggest Pro
Local norms are vague and give actors too much flexibility
Integrative Social Contract Theory - Biggest Con
Levis Strauss and underage workers in Bangladesh
Integrative Social Contract Theory Example
Maximize profits within the law (and morality)
Shareholder value
Advance the interests of all stakeholders (even at the expense of profit)
Stakeholder theory
Approach your immediate manager first
First step in whistleblowing
Leave the company
Last step in whistleblowing
Primary focus of Utilitarianism - Correct answer-consequences (add person)
-(Keeping boss's secret about layoffs)
, -Want to come up with a solution that provides greatest good for all.
Primary focus of Rawls - Correct answer-social justice
-Theory of Justice
-Favor least advantaged
-Nothing is peoples fault (natural lottery)
-Can't take credit for being better.
Guy wants to buy a car he can't afford ---> (favor least advantaged) - Not his fault that he doesn't know
better. You can try to educate him (buy a used car, it's more affordable).
Primary focus of Nozick Rights Theory - Correct answer-individual rights
-Theory of Rights
-Don't lie, force, fraud.
Guy wants to buy a car he can't afford ---> Sell it!
Primary focus of Consequentialist theories - Correct answer-outcomes (add person)
Primary focus of Deontological theories (Rawls) - Correct answer-rights and duties (add person)
-Can't kill anyone.
-No matter how bad consequences are ---> Can't throw the switch.
Utilitarianism Advantages - Correct answer--Replaces partiality with science.
Utilitarianism Disadvantages - Correct answer-a. It is not always clear what the outcome of an action will
be
b. It is very difficult to quantify pleasures for cost/benefit analysis
c. Good may be achieved under conditions that are harmful to some
d. It fails to acknowledge any individual rights that could not be violated for the sake of the greatest
good
-Article: What is Utilitarianism?
Complete Solutions
Ethical Awareness -> Ethical Judgement -> Ethical Behavior
What is the process of Individual Ethical Decision Making Behavior
1. Peers consider it to be morally problematic
2. Moral language is used when the problem is presented
3. Decision could cause serious harm to others
What makes someone more likely to recognize moral issues?
Gather the facts
1st step in sound ethical decision making
Check your gut
Last step to sound ethical decision making
"Everyone's doing it" - we feel pressured to go along. Helps us rationalize unethical behavior
Group Norms
1. Rewards and Punishments
2. Roles at work
3. Diffusion of Responsibility
What are organizational pressures that affect moral behavior?
Believe that external forces effect their live's outcome
External Locus of Control
Believe that they themselves effect their live's outcome
Internal Locus of Control
,Maximize the common good
Utilitarianism - Decision Rule
Replaces partiality with science
Utilitarianism - Biggest Pro
The means don't matter
Utilitarianism - Biggest Con
"The ones who walk away from omelas"
Utilitarianism - Example
Freedom from force
Rights Theory - Decision Rule
Virtually complete freedom of action with minimal government intrusion
Rights Theory - Biggest Pro
Disregard for the interest of others
Rights Theory - Biggest Con
Pay day loans
Rights Theory Example
Greatest benefit to the least advantaged
Theory of Justice - Decision Rule
Unbiased approach to social justice
Theory of Justice - Biggest Pro
Denies free will, meritocracy
Theory of Justice - Biggest Con
Ben and Jerry's Ice Cream
Theory of Justice Example
Be rational and be all that you can be
Objectivism - Decision Rule
Reinforces personal responsibility
Objectivism - Biggest Pro
Individualistic and Judgemental
,Objectivism - Biggest Con
Motive Communications
Objectivism Example
Focus on relationships and responsibilities
Ethic of care - Decision Rule
Protects the weak and innocent
Ethic of care - Biggest Pro
Neglects justice
Ethic of care - Biggest Con
Certain small, entrepreneurial businesses
Ethic of care Example
Action does not violate a global hypernorm or local authentic norm
Integrative Social Contract Theory - Decision Rule
Adapts to variations in local norms within some global limits
Integrative Social Contract Theory - Biggest Pro
Local norms are vague and give actors too much flexibility
Integrative Social Contract Theory - Biggest Con
Levis Strauss and underage workers in Bangladesh
Integrative Social Contract Theory Example
Maximize profits within the law (and morality)
Shareholder value
Advance the interests of all stakeholders (even at the expense of profit)
Stakeholder theory
Approach your immediate manager first
First step in whistleblowing
Leave the company
Last step in whistleblowing
Primary focus of Utilitarianism - Correct answer-consequences (add person)
-(Keeping boss's secret about layoffs)
, -Want to come up with a solution that provides greatest good for all.
Primary focus of Rawls - Correct answer-social justice
-Theory of Justice
-Favor least advantaged
-Nothing is peoples fault (natural lottery)
-Can't take credit for being better.
Guy wants to buy a car he can't afford ---> (favor least advantaged) - Not his fault that he doesn't know
better. You can try to educate him (buy a used car, it's more affordable).
Primary focus of Nozick Rights Theory - Correct answer-individual rights
-Theory of Rights
-Don't lie, force, fraud.
Guy wants to buy a car he can't afford ---> Sell it!
Primary focus of Consequentialist theories - Correct answer-outcomes (add person)
Primary focus of Deontological theories (Rawls) - Correct answer-rights and duties (add person)
-Can't kill anyone.
-No matter how bad consequences are ---> Can't throw the switch.
Utilitarianism Advantages - Correct answer--Replaces partiality with science.
Utilitarianism Disadvantages - Correct answer-a. It is not always clear what the outcome of an action will
be
b. It is very difficult to quantify pleasures for cost/benefit analysis
c. Good may be achieved under conditions that are harmful to some
d. It fails to acknowledge any individual rights that could not be violated for the sake of the greatest
good
-Article: What is Utilitarianism?
