NU 327 Final Exam Pathofinal for south
Alabama nursing Summer 2020
Normal RBC count - ANS Female: 4.2-5.4
Male 4.5-6.2
Normal WBC count - ANS Female: 4500-11000
male: 5000-10,000
Normal Hematocrit - ANS Female: 37-47%
Male: 42-52%
Normal HDL (protective levels) - ANS Female: >55mg/dL
male> 45 mg/dL
Normal LDL - ANS Beneficial: <100 mg/dL
harmful: >160 mg/dL
Normal Ejection Fraction (EF) - ANS 60-80%
Normal Hemoglobin - ANS female: 12-16
male: 14-18
Normal sodium levels - ANS 135-145 mEq/L
,normal potassium levels - ANS 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
normal total cholesterol - ANS <200 mg/dL
Normal Troponin - ANS <0.5 for Troponin 1 and <0.1 for Troponin T
Normal BNP level - ANS <100 pg/mL indicates no heart failure
Normal PaCO2 range - ANS 35-45 mm Hg (Acid)
Normal Creatinine (reflects GFR for renal function) - ANS Female: 0.5-1.1 mg/dL
male: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
Normal pH range - ANS 7.35-7.45
Normal Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) - ANS 10-20 mg/dL (indirect measure of overall hydration)
Absolute pH - ANS 7.4
Normal HCO3 range - ANS 22-26 mEq/L
Normal SaO2 - ANS 95-100%
Normal PaO2 levels - ANS 80-100 mmHg
,normal BP range - ANS 120/80-140/90
Normal V/Q ratio - ANS 4:5 or 0.8
Diabetes mellitus type 1 - ANS Dietary intervention (low carbohydrate) + insulin replacement
- a disease in which body does not make enough insulin to control blood sugar levels.
-Symptoms: increased thirst, frequent urination, hunger, fatigue, blurred vision
treatment: insulin, diet, exercise
- happens mostly in adolescents
Diabetes mellitus type 2 - ANS treatment: Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if
refractory)
- Body doesn't produce enough insulin or it resists insulin.
- symptoms: frequent urination, increased thirst, hunger, fatigue, blurred vision
Hypertension - ANS High blood pressure, higher than 140/90
- creates severe complications like heart disease, stroke, and sometimes death.
may sometimes have no symptoms
-Blood Pressure is the force that a persons blood exerts against the walls of their blood vessels.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - ANS rapid loss of renal function due to damage to the kidneys; formerly
called acute renal failure
- rapid kidney failure that can happen in hours or days.
- causes a build up of waste products in your blood and makes it hard For your kidneys to keep the right
balance of fluid in your body.
Symptoms: decreased urine output, swelling due to fluid retention, nausea, fatigue, and shortness of
breath.
, heart failure (HF) - ANS - condition in which there is an inability of the heart to pump enough blood
through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen.
- symptoms: shortness of breath, fatigue, swollen legs, and rapid heartbeat.
- treatment: medicine( beta blocker, ACE inhibitior, vasodilator), less salt, limit fluid intake, exercise, quit
smoking.
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) - ANS A group of lung diseases that block airflow and
make it difficult to breathe.
- Symptoms: shortness of breath, wheezing, chronic cough.
- main cause: smoking, air pollution, chemical fumes, dust
four stages: mild, moderate, severe, very severe
Medicine: bronchodilator, steroid, oxygen therapy
Asthma - ANS A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty,
coughing, and wheezing.
- The EPR-3 guideline classification divides asthma severity into four groups: intermittent, persistent-
mild, persistent-moderate, and persistent-severe.
- Step 1 - mild intermittent asthma. Symptoms fewer than two times a week. Does not have problems
between flare-ups. ...
Step 2 - mild persistent asthma. Symptoms more than two times a week, but no more than once a
day. ...
Step 3 - moderate persistent asthma. Symptoms every day. ...
Step 4 - severe persistent asthma. Constant symptoms.
Emphysema - ANS A serious disease that destroys lung tissue and causes breathing difficulties.
Alabama nursing Summer 2020
Normal RBC count - ANS Female: 4.2-5.4
Male 4.5-6.2
Normal WBC count - ANS Female: 4500-11000
male: 5000-10,000
Normal Hematocrit - ANS Female: 37-47%
Male: 42-52%
Normal HDL (protective levels) - ANS Female: >55mg/dL
male> 45 mg/dL
Normal LDL - ANS Beneficial: <100 mg/dL
harmful: >160 mg/dL
Normal Ejection Fraction (EF) - ANS 60-80%
Normal Hemoglobin - ANS female: 12-16
male: 14-18
Normal sodium levels - ANS 135-145 mEq/L
,normal potassium levels - ANS 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
normal total cholesterol - ANS <200 mg/dL
Normal Troponin - ANS <0.5 for Troponin 1 and <0.1 for Troponin T
Normal BNP level - ANS <100 pg/mL indicates no heart failure
Normal PaCO2 range - ANS 35-45 mm Hg (Acid)
Normal Creatinine (reflects GFR for renal function) - ANS Female: 0.5-1.1 mg/dL
male: 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
Normal pH range - ANS 7.35-7.45
Normal Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) - ANS 10-20 mg/dL (indirect measure of overall hydration)
Absolute pH - ANS 7.4
Normal HCO3 range - ANS 22-26 mEq/L
Normal SaO2 - ANS 95-100%
Normal PaO2 levels - ANS 80-100 mmHg
,normal BP range - ANS 120/80-140/90
Normal V/Q ratio - ANS 4:5 or 0.8
Diabetes mellitus type 1 - ANS Dietary intervention (low carbohydrate) + insulin replacement
- a disease in which body does not make enough insulin to control blood sugar levels.
-Symptoms: increased thirst, frequent urination, hunger, fatigue, blurred vision
treatment: insulin, diet, exercise
- happens mostly in adolescents
Diabetes mellitus type 2 - ANS treatment: Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if
refractory)
- Body doesn't produce enough insulin or it resists insulin.
- symptoms: frequent urination, increased thirst, hunger, fatigue, blurred vision
Hypertension - ANS High blood pressure, higher than 140/90
- creates severe complications like heart disease, stroke, and sometimes death.
may sometimes have no symptoms
-Blood Pressure is the force that a persons blood exerts against the walls of their blood vessels.
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - ANS rapid loss of renal function due to damage to the kidneys; formerly
called acute renal failure
- rapid kidney failure that can happen in hours or days.
- causes a build up of waste products in your blood and makes it hard For your kidneys to keep the right
balance of fluid in your body.
Symptoms: decreased urine output, swelling due to fluid retention, nausea, fatigue, and shortness of
breath.
, heart failure (HF) - ANS - condition in which there is an inability of the heart to pump enough blood
through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen.
- symptoms: shortness of breath, fatigue, swollen legs, and rapid heartbeat.
- treatment: medicine( beta blocker, ACE inhibitior, vasodilator), less salt, limit fluid intake, exercise, quit
smoking.
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) - ANS A group of lung diseases that block airflow and
make it difficult to breathe.
- Symptoms: shortness of breath, wheezing, chronic cough.
- main cause: smoking, air pollution, chemical fumes, dust
four stages: mild, moderate, severe, very severe
Medicine: bronchodilator, steroid, oxygen therapy
Asthma - ANS A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty,
coughing, and wheezing.
- The EPR-3 guideline classification divides asthma severity into four groups: intermittent, persistent-
mild, persistent-moderate, and persistent-severe.
- Step 1 - mild intermittent asthma. Symptoms fewer than two times a week. Does not have problems
between flare-ups. ...
Step 2 - mild persistent asthma. Symptoms more than two times a week, but no more than once a
day. ...
Step 3 - moderate persistent asthma. Symptoms every day. ...
Step 4 - severe persistent asthma. Constant symptoms.
Emphysema - ANS A serious disease that destroys lung tissue and causes breathing difficulties.
