©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/10/2024 11:44 AM
Eab 4798 Paloma Rodriguez Midterm Exam
Questions With Correct Answers.
J.B. Watson - answer✔*Psychologists should focus efforts on observable behavior
*Goal of behaviorists is prediction & control
B.F. Skinner (1930s) - answer✔*Distinguished between respondent (reflexive) behavior &
operant (or voluntary) behavior
*Cognitive & emotional processes
By 1950s & 1960s - answer✔Behavior analysts were publishing studies that examined the
effects of the application of behavioral principles -To both normally and atypically developing
individuals
Applied - answer✔*interest displayed by society in the problems being studied
*Typically, close relationship between stimuli & behavior being studied
Behavioral - answer✔*Refers to the pragmatic nature of the study
*Emphasis on:
-What person can do rather than what she/he can say
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/10/2024 11:44 AM
-Reliable quantifying of behavior must be achieved
-Question not only what behavior was changed during a study, but also whose behavior has
changed
Analytic - answer✔• Definition: Refers to a believable demonstration that events controlled by
the researcher account for the presence or absence of the behavior in question
• Seek to encourage "valuable" behavior
• Good technical description of procedures necessary
• Replication
Subjects - answer✔Individuals in a single subject study who are involved in changing their own
behavior (e.g., Mark)
Participants - answer✔A willing individual, who has given informed consent to the procedures in
the study, and who is actively involved and vested in the study outcomes
Independent variable - answer✔*Treatment or intervention that researcher controls in order to
influence changes in dependent variable
*Independent and dependent variables should share a functional relationship
Dependent Variable - answer✔• (or target behavior)
• Measured to determine the effects of the independent variable
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/10/2024 11:44 AM
• Changes in the target behavior should be dependent on changes in the independent variable (a
functional relationship)
Extraneous Variables - answer✔• (or confounding) variables
• Any elements of study that may confuse or obscure the believability that the independent
variable and dependent variable share a functional relationship
Baseline Phase - answer✔• Generally, the first phase in a study
• When initial performance on the target behavior is measured before implementation of the
intervention (independent variable)
• Ex.: Teacher collects data on accuracy in solving independent math problems
Intervention Phase - answer✔• A phase when the intervention has been introduced and data are
collected to determine effects on the target behavior (dependent variable)
• May be multiple intervention phases
Follow-up Phase - answer✔• Typically, a final phase of a study
• When the researcher continues to measure performance on the target behavior although the
independent variable may have been withdrawn following successful intervention
Notations - answer✔• The system of letters used to identify the type of design used
• Refers to a baseline phase; B and all subsequent letters to
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/10/2024 11:44 AM
intervention phases
• Each letter (e.g., B, C) refers to a different intervention
• Combinations (e.g., BC) refer to package, or combinations of, interventions
• Numbers may be attached (e.g., Al, Bl) to denote a first baseline phase or a first intervention
phase when there are subsequent baseline or intervention phases (e.g., A2, B2)
XY or Line Graph - answer✔• The typical line graph used to graphically depict the quantitative
data collected in single subject research
• Data are plotted at the appropriate intersects along the x‐ and y‐axes
What axis is the Dependent Variable plotted on? - answer✔• The target behavior performance is
plotted along the y‐axis
• The y‐axis must be calibrated so that changes in the dependent variable are appropriately
depicted
X-Axis - answer✔• used to depict observations across time (using tick marks to denote which
observation is being plotted along the y‐axis)
Data Paths - answer✔*Each data point that is plotted on the graph is connected by a line
*The data path line is not typically drawn across phase change lines
*Breaks in the data path indicate an interruption in the observation or measurement of the
dependent variable
10/10/2024 11:44 AM
Eab 4798 Paloma Rodriguez Midterm Exam
Questions With Correct Answers.
J.B. Watson - answer✔*Psychologists should focus efforts on observable behavior
*Goal of behaviorists is prediction & control
B.F. Skinner (1930s) - answer✔*Distinguished between respondent (reflexive) behavior &
operant (or voluntary) behavior
*Cognitive & emotional processes
By 1950s & 1960s - answer✔Behavior analysts were publishing studies that examined the
effects of the application of behavioral principles -To both normally and atypically developing
individuals
Applied - answer✔*interest displayed by society in the problems being studied
*Typically, close relationship between stimuli & behavior being studied
Behavioral - answer✔*Refers to the pragmatic nature of the study
*Emphasis on:
-What person can do rather than what she/he can say
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/10/2024 11:44 AM
-Reliable quantifying of behavior must be achieved
-Question not only what behavior was changed during a study, but also whose behavior has
changed
Analytic - answer✔• Definition: Refers to a believable demonstration that events controlled by
the researcher account for the presence or absence of the behavior in question
• Seek to encourage "valuable" behavior
• Good technical description of procedures necessary
• Replication
Subjects - answer✔Individuals in a single subject study who are involved in changing their own
behavior (e.g., Mark)
Participants - answer✔A willing individual, who has given informed consent to the procedures in
the study, and who is actively involved and vested in the study outcomes
Independent variable - answer✔*Treatment or intervention that researcher controls in order to
influence changes in dependent variable
*Independent and dependent variables should share a functional relationship
Dependent Variable - answer✔• (or target behavior)
• Measured to determine the effects of the independent variable
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/10/2024 11:44 AM
• Changes in the target behavior should be dependent on changes in the independent variable (a
functional relationship)
Extraneous Variables - answer✔• (or confounding) variables
• Any elements of study that may confuse or obscure the believability that the independent
variable and dependent variable share a functional relationship
Baseline Phase - answer✔• Generally, the first phase in a study
• When initial performance on the target behavior is measured before implementation of the
intervention (independent variable)
• Ex.: Teacher collects data on accuracy in solving independent math problems
Intervention Phase - answer✔• A phase when the intervention has been introduced and data are
collected to determine effects on the target behavior (dependent variable)
• May be multiple intervention phases
Follow-up Phase - answer✔• Typically, a final phase of a study
• When the researcher continues to measure performance on the target behavior although the
independent variable may have been withdrawn following successful intervention
Notations - answer✔• The system of letters used to identify the type of design used
• Refers to a baseline phase; B and all subsequent letters to
, ©SIRJOEL EXAM SOLUTIONS
10/10/2024 11:44 AM
intervention phases
• Each letter (e.g., B, C) refers to a different intervention
• Combinations (e.g., BC) refer to package, or combinations of, interventions
• Numbers may be attached (e.g., Al, Bl) to denote a first baseline phase or a first intervention
phase when there are subsequent baseline or intervention phases (e.g., A2, B2)
XY or Line Graph - answer✔• The typical line graph used to graphically depict the quantitative
data collected in single subject research
• Data are plotted at the appropriate intersects along the x‐ and y‐axes
What axis is the Dependent Variable plotted on? - answer✔• The target behavior performance is
plotted along the y‐axis
• The y‐axis must be calibrated so that changes in the dependent variable are appropriately
depicted
X-Axis - answer✔• used to depict observations across time (using tick marks to denote which
observation is being plotted along the y‐axis)
Data Paths - answer✔*Each data point that is plotted on the graph is connected by a line
*The data path line is not typically drawn across phase change lines
*Breaks in the data path indicate an interruption in the observation or measurement of the
dependent variable
