Psychology 203 Exam 1 || very Flawless.
John Locke correct answers -At first children are blank slates, that can be molded in any
direction by parents and teachers.
Jena-Jacques Rousseau correct answers -The child as a noble savage.
-Endowed by a beneficent nature with nascent reason morals, ethics and all the other noble
attributes of the enlightened humans, which unfold naturally given basic nature.
-Process is "built in" Nature trumps nurture.
How did Charles Darwin approach the study of young children correct answers -Took data
through the use of "Baby biographies", Day by day, hour by hour, minute by minute.
-Systematic attempt to gather hard data.
Freuds Theory correct answers -Children proceed through five stages and at each stage they
confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations.
-In infancy social expectations are external to the child but later ther are internalized.
What is Freuds Theory called correct answers Psychosexual Theory
Developmental Stages of Freuds Theory correct answers -Birth to 1 1/2 years. ORAL STAGE:
infants pleasure centers on mouth.
-1 1/2 to 3 yeas. ANAL STAGE: child please focuses on anus.
-3 to 6 years. PHALLIC STAGE: child pleasure focuses on genitals.
-6 years to puberty. LATENCY STAGE: child represses sexual interest and develops social
intellectual skills
-Puberty onward. GENITAL STAGE: sexual reawakening, sexual pleasure outside of family.
Components of personality correct answers -ID: unorganized, irrational basic drives, basic please
principal!(infant that stays with us for a lifetime)
-EGO: Mediates between the demands of the ID and those of the more "powerful ones" in the
real world.
-SUPEREGO: Commonly called the conscience; the internalized behavior expectations of the
"more powerful one" father, mother, policemen, society.
Levels of consciousness correct answers -Conscious level: Thoughts, Perceptions
-Preconscious level: Memories, stored knowledge.
-Unconscious level: Fears, Violent motives, In-moral urges, selfish needs, Irrational wishes,
shameful experiences, Unacceptable sexual drives.
How does Ericksons approach differ from Freuds correct answers -Social motivation
-8 stages of psychosocial development
-Social experiences of each stage make the ego more competent.
-Developmental change occur through the life span.
, How did Piage think that children learn? By what basic method? correct answers -Cognitive
development theory
-Adaptation, interaction between organism and environment.
What is assimilation? and how does it fit into the learning process? correct answers -
Incorporation of new information into existing knowledge and concepts.
What is accommodation? and how does it fit into the learning process? correct answers -
Adjusting knowledge and concepts to fit new information and experience.
What is the role of exploration? correct answers -These processes occur automatically as the
child spontaneously constructs its own understanding of the world by actively exploring it.
How does Vygotsky theory differ from Paiges? correct answers -Vygotsky argues that learning
perceives development (focuses on the role teacher and society play in student learning and
development)
What are the core concepts involved in Bronfenbranner ecological model? correct answers -
Explains how everything in the child and the childs environment affects how a child grown and
develops.
What did the theories of the Ethologist involve? correct answers -Instinct: Bonding &
attachment, in humans the process may begin before birth.
-Critical period: A period which during imprinting can occur.
How doe does Skinner account for learning? correct answers -Operant Conditioning: Learning in
which an organism learns to engage in behavior; e.g. child learns to adjust behavior to conform
to social codes and rules to earn reinforces such as attention and approval.
-Reinforcement can "shape" behavior
-Reinforcement will change the frequency and intensity of behaviors.
How does Bandura account for learning? correct answers -Modeling/imitation, can cause new
behaviors n the absence of reinforces e.g. social, emotional, cognitive
How does Skinner and Bandura account for learning differ? correct answers -Skinner emphasizes
the consequences on behavior and how it influences actions and behaviors where as Bandura
focused on how watching and imitating influence actions and behaviors.
What is a gamete? by what process is it formed? correct answers -Meiosis is required to produce
Haploid cells called Gametes.
-Male gamete = Sperm
-Female gamete = ovun (egg cell)
- Process, DNA unzips.
What are the major characteristics of human Karyotype? correct answers -Normal
-Klinefelters: caused by an extra X chromosome (retardation)
John Locke correct answers -At first children are blank slates, that can be molded in any
direction by parents and teachers.
Jena-Jacques Rousseau correct answers -The child as a noble savage.
-Endowed by a beneficent nature with nascent reason morals, ethics and all the other noble
attributes of the enlightened humans, which unfold naturally given basic nature.
-Process is "built in" Nature trumps nurture.
How did Charles Darwin approach the study of young children correct answers -Took data
through the use of "Baby biographies", Day by day, hour by hour, minute by minute.
-Systematic attempt to gather hard data.
Freuds Theory correct answers -Children proceed through five stages and at each stage they
confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations.
-In infancy social expectations are external to the child but later ther are internalized.
What is Freuds Theory called correct answers Psychosexual Theory
Developmental Stages of Freuds Theory correct answers -Birth to 1 1/2 years. ORAL STAGE:
infants pleasure centers on mouth.
-1 1/2 to 3 yeas. ANAL STAGE: child please focuses on anus.
-3 to 6 years. PHALLIC STAGE: child pleasure focuses on genitals.
-6 years to puberty. LATENCY STAGE: child represses sexual interest and develops social
intellectual skills
-Puberty onward. GENITAL STAGE: sexual reawakening, sexual pleasure outside of family.
Components of personality correct answers -ID: unorganized, irrational basic drives, basic please
principal!(infant that stays with us for a lifetime)
-EGO: Mediates between the demands of the ID and those of the more "powerful ones" in the
real world.
-SUPEREGO: Commonly called the conscience; the internalized behavior expectations of the
"more powerful one" father, mother, policemen, society.
Levels of consciousness correct answers -Conscious level: Thoughts, Perceptions
-Preconscious level: Memories, stored knowledge.
-Unconscious level: Fears, Violent motives, In-moral urges, selfish needs, Irrational wishes,
shameful experiences, Unacceptable sexual drives.
How does Ericksons approach differ from Freuds correct answers -Social motivation
-8 stages of psychosocial development
-Social experiences of each stage make the ego more competent.
-Developmental change occur through the life span.
, How did Piage think that children learn? By what basic method? correct answers -Cognitive
development theory
-Adaptation, interaction between organism and environment.
What is assimilation? and how does it fit into the learning process? correct answers -
Incorporation of new information into existing knowledge and concepts.
What is accommodation? and how does it fit into the learning process? correct answers -
Adjusting knowledge and concepts to fit new information and experience.
What is the role of exploration? correct answers -These processes occur automatically as the
child spontaneously constructs its own understanding of the world by actively exploring it.
How does Vygotsky theory differ from Paiges? correct answers -Vygotsky argues that learning
perceives development (focuses on the role teacher and society play in student learning and
development)
What are the core concepts involved in Bronfenbranner ecological model? correct answers -
Explains how everything in the child and the childs environment affects how a child grown and
develops.
What did the theories of the Ethologist involve? correct answers -Instinct: Bonding &
attachment, in humans the process may begin before birth.
-Critical period: A period which during imprinting can occur.
How doe does Skinner account for learning? correct answers -Operant Conditioning: Learning in
which an organism learns to engage in behavior; e.g. child learns to adjust behavior to conform
to social codes and rules to earn reinforces such as attention and approval.
-Reinforcement can "shape" behavior
-Reinforcement will change the frequency and intensity of behaviors.
How does Bandura account for learning? correct answers -Modeling/imitation, can cause new
behaviors n the absence of reinforces e.g. social, emotional, cognitive
How does Skinner and Bandura account for learning differ? correct answers -Skinner emphasizes
the consequences on behavior and how it influences actions and behaviors where as Bandura
focused on how watching and imitating influence actions and behaviors.
What is a gamete? by what process is it formed? correct answers -Meiosis is required to produce
Haploid cells called Gametes.
-Male gamete = Sperm
-Female gamete = ovun (egg cell)
- Process, DNA unzips.
What are the major characteristics of human Karyotype? correct answers -Normal
-Klinefelters: caused by an extra X chromosome (retardation)
