Psych 203 Exam 1 || Already Graded A+.
What does it mean to be a good consumer of research? How does the producer role differ?
correct answers it means reading about research so they can later apply it to their work, hobbies,
relationships, or personal growth. the producer role differs because they produce the
research/analyze it/present it and this is their career (research scientist or professor)
How do basic research, applied research, and translational research differ? correct answers basic
research- Goal is to enhance knowledge and understanding.
applied research- Goal is to find practical solutions to real-world problems. Often evaluative in
nature.
translational research: Uses basic research to develop and test applications.
What does it mean to have a scientific attitude? Know Merton's scientific norms correct answers
Scientists emphasize evidence for one's claims.
Merton's Scientific Norms correct answers universalism, communality, disinterestedness,
organized skepticism
What are the various non-scientific ways of knowing? Know the problems associated with each.
correct answers -intuition
problem: intuition is often biased, and we don't recognize our biases
-personal experience
problems: experience has no comparison group, is confounded, is often all-or-none
-authority
problems: what is the basis of the claim? claims often go unchallenged
-rationalism
How does the empirical method overcome the limitations of other ways of knowing? correct
answers Bc it is knowledge based on direct, systematic observation, where conclusions are based
on the weight of the evidence.
What are the steps of the scientific method? Why are they important? correct answers 1. Identify
the problem
2. Form a hypothesis
3. Design the research study
3. Conduct the study
4. Analyze the results of the experiment
5. Conclusion
, 6. Continue the cycle (If your hypothesis is confirmed, replicate the study to confirm the
findings. If your hypothesis is disconfirmed, revise the hypothesis or re-examine your research
design. Examine new questions that the research study raises.)
important bc they determine "facts" and rationalism to reason about those facts.
How are theories, hypotheses, and data related to one another? Understand the theory-data cycle.
correct answers The relationship among theories, hypotheses, and data is a logical one.
Theory-Data Cycle correct answers scientists collect data to test, change, or update their theories
1. theory
2. research questions
3. research design
4. hypothesis
5. data
What are the properties of a good theory? correct answers 1. They make predictions
2. They are testable.
3. They are not permanent
How do journal articles differ from articles in popular media? correct answers journal articles use
scientific sources
What are the various types of scientific journals? Know the difference between primary source
(empirical) articles, review articles, meta-analyses correct answers -empirical (primary source)
articles:
they report, for the first time, the results of an (empirical) research study. Empirical articles
contain details about the study's method, the statistical tests used, and the results of the study.
-review journal articles:
summarize and integrate all the published studies that have been done in one research area.
-meta-analysis:
a quantitative technique that combines the results of many studies and gives a number that
summarizes the magnitude, or the effect size, of a relationship.
How is an effective search conducted in PsycInfo? correct answers 1. Figure out the best search
terms for your question.
2. Research is an iterative process. Once you find one suitable article in PsycINFO, do another
search.
3. Adjust your search using "or" and "and."
What are the main sections of an empirical article? When "reading with purpose," which sections
should be reviewed first to give an overall sense of the article's gist? correct answers -abstract,
introduction, Method, Results, Discussion, and References
What does it mean to be a good consumer of research? How does the producer role differ?
correct answers it means reading about research so they can later apply it to their work, hobbies,
relationships, or personal growth. the producer role differs because they produce the
research/analyze it/present it and this is their career (research scientist or professor)
How do basic research, applied research, and translational research differ? correct answers basic
research- Goal is to enhance knowledge and understanding.
applied research- Goal is to find practical solutions to real-world problems. Often evaluative in
nature.
translational research: Uses basic research to develop and test applications.
What does it mean to have a scientific attitude? Know Merton's scientific norms correct answers
Scientists emphasize evidence for one's claims.
Merton's Scientific Norms correct answers universalism, communality, disinterestedness,
organized skepticism
What are the various non-scientific ways of knowing? Know the problems associated with each.
correct answers -intuition
problem: intuition is often biased, and we don't recognize our biases
-personal experience
problems: experience has no comparison group, is confounded, is often all-or-none
-authority
problems: what is the basis of the claim? claims often go unchallenged
-rationalism
How does the empirical method overcome the limitations of other ways of knowing? correct
answers Bc it is knowledge based on direct, systematic observation, where conclusions are based
on the weight of the evidence.
What are the steps of the scientific method? Why are they important? correct answers 1. Identify
the problem
2. Form a hypothesis
3. Design the research study
3. Conduct the study
4. Analyze the results of the experiment
5. Conclusion
, 6. Continue the cycle (If your hypothesis is confirmed, replicate the study to confirm the
findings. If your hypothesis is disconfirmed, revise the hypothesis or re-examine your research
design. Examine new questions that the research study raises.)
important bc they determine "facts" and rationalism to reason about those facts.
How are theories, hypotheses, and data related to one another? Understand the theory-data cycle.
correct answers The relationship among theories, hypotheses, and data is a logical one.
Theory-Data Cycle correct answers scientists collect data to test, change, or update their theories
1. theory
2. research questions
3. research design
4. hypothesis
5. data
What are the properties of a good theory? correct answers 1. They make predictions
2. They are testable.
3. They are not permanent
How do journal articles differ from articles in popular media? correct answers journal articles use
scientific sources
What are the various types of scientific journals? Know the difference between primary source
(empirical) articles, review articles, meta-analyses correct answers -empirical (primary source)
articles:
they report, for the first time, the results of an (empirical) research study. Empirical articles
contain details about the study's method, the statistical tests used, and the results of the study.
-review journal articles:
summarize and integrate all the published studies that have been done in one research area.
-meta-analysis:
a quantitative technique that combines the results of many studies and gives a number that
summarizes the magnitude, or the effect size, of a relationship.
How is an effective search conducted in PsycInfo? correct answers 1. Figure out the best search
terms for your question.
2. Research is an iterative process. Once you find one suitable article in PsycINFO, do another
search.
3. Adjust your search using "or" and "and."
What are the main sections of an empirical article? When "reading with purpose," which sections
should be reviewed first to give an overall sense of the article's gist? correct answers -abstract,
introduction, Method, Results, Discussion, and References
