PCB 3063 Exam #1 - FSU
Prophase 1 - ✔️✔️Key difference: homologous chromosomes are not autonomous
1. synapsis
2. bivalent
3. tetrad
4. sister chromatids pull apart
5. chiasma
6.crossing over
What happens when the beta protein is mutated in sickle cell anemia? - ✔️✔️-low
oxygen
-distorts cell shape
-fragile cells
-cells block flow in capillaries
genotype - ✔️✔️set of alleles for a trait carried by an organism
The Central Dogma - ✔️✔️DNA to Phenotype
Transcription - ✔️✔️Dna to Rna
Translation - ✔️✔️RNA to protien
sickle cell anemia - ✔️✔️mutant for hemoglobin
What two proteins are in hemoglobin - ✔️✔️alpha and beta
Which hemoglobin protein is mutated in sickle cell anemia? - ✔️✔️Beta protein
Biotechnology - ✔️✔️use of recombinant DNA technology and molecular techniques to
make products
Genetic Transmission - ✔️✔️transmission of genetic material between parental and
daughter cells (must be precise)
Genetic transmission in prokaryotes - ✔️✔️-Lack of nuclear envelope and membrane
bound organelles
-nucleoid (bacterial chromosome)
-circular
-attached to cell membrane
-DNA replicates and splits to daughter cells
, Phenotype - ✔️✔️observable trait
Genetic transmission eukaryotes - ✔️✔️membrane bound organelles, chromosomes in
nucleus, and the centrioles are important
Centrioles - ✔️✔️Component of centrosomes, involved in organizing spindle fibers
Spindle - ✔️✔️a microtubule structure that attaches to the kinetochore, directs the
chromosomes to opposite poles
Mitosis - ✔️✔️production of two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes
as parents cell (2n);
multicellular organisms begin life as a fertilized egg (zygote).
Somatic cell division - ✔️✔️all cells contain the same number of chromosomes
Karyotype - ✔️✔️matches up homologous chromosomes
X & Y exception - ✔️✔️x and y chromosomes are not in a homologous pair, this is an
exception
Locus - ✔️✔️position of a gene
Alleles - ✔️✔️different forms of a gene
Formation of gametes - ✔️✔️the exception of mitosis because they do not form
through mitosis
Interphase - ✔️✔️chromosomes uncoiled as chromatin
Prophase - ✔️✔️chromosomes condense; centrioles divide
Prometaphase - ✔️✔️chromosomes become obvious; centrioles go to the poles
Metaphase - ✔️✔️Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate
Anaphase - ✔️✔️centromeres split; chromosomes migrate to poles
Telophase - ✔️✔️cytokinesis
Shugoshin - ✔️✔️prevents separase degrading cohesion at the centromere
Prophase 1 - ✔️✔️Key difference: homologous chromosomes are not autonomous
1. synapsis
2. bivalent
3. tetrad
4. sister chromatids pull apart
5. chiasma
6.crossing over
What happens when the beta protein is mutated in sickle cell anemia? - ✔️✔️-low
oxygen
-distorts cell shape
-fragile cells
-cells block flow in capillaries
genotype - ✔️✔️set of alleles for a trait carried by an organism
The Central Dogma - ✔️✔️DNA to Phenotype
Transcription - ✔️✔️Dna to Rna
Translation - ✔️✔️RNA to protien
sickle cell anemia - ✔️✔️mutant for hemoglobin
What two proteins are in hemoglobin - ✔️✔️alpha and beta
Which hemoglobin protein is mutated in sickle cell anemia? - ✔️✔️Beta protein
Biotechnology - ✔️✔️use of recombinant DNA technology and molecular techniques to
make products
Genetic Transmission - ✔️✔️transmission of genetic material between parental and
daughter cells (must be precise)
Genetic transmission in prokaryotes - ✔️✔️-Lack of nuclear envelope and membrane
bound organelles
-nucleoid (bacterial chromosome)
-circular
-attached to cell membrane
-DNA replicates and splits to daughter cells
, Phenotype - ✔️✔️observable trait
Genetic transmission eukaryotes - ✔️✔️membrane bound organelles, chromosomes in
nucleus, and the centrioles are important
Centrioles - ✔️✔️Component of centrosomes, involved in organizing spindle fibers
Spindle - ✔️✔️a microtubule structure that attaches to the kinetochore, directs the
chromosomes to opposite poles
Mitosis - ✔️✔️production of two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes
as parents cell (2n);
multicellular organisms begin life as a fertilized egg (zygote).
Somatic cell division - ✔️✔️all cells contain the same number of chromosomes
Karyotype - ✔️✔️matches up homologous chromosomes
X & Y exception - ✔️✔️x and y chromosomes are not in a homologous pair, this is an
exception
Locus - ✔️✔️position of a gene
Alleles - ✔️✔️different forms of a gene
Formation of gametes - ✔️✔️the exception of mitosis because they do not form
through mitosis
Interphase - ✔️✔️chromosomes uncoiled as chromatin
Prophase - ✔️✔️chromosomes condense; centrioles divide
Prometaphase - ✔️✔️chromosomes become obvious; centrioles go to the poles
Metaphase - ✔️✔️Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate
Anaphase - ✔️✔️centromeres split; chromosomes migrate to poles
Telophase - ✔️✔️cytokinesis
Shugoshin - ✔️✔️prevents separase degrading cohesion at the centromere
