Grade 9 EMS Guide

, INTRODUCTION
This manual provides Grade 9 teachers and learners with the followings benefits:
- It has been developed using the amended EMS CAPS Document which is supposed to be
implemented at the beginning of the year 2020.
- It provides a clear structure with regard to time frames within which topics and content must be
covered and topics and content explained are in line with the amended Annual Teaching Plan.
- Both amendments of Annual Teaching Plan and Programme of Assessment are provided.
- Topics and content in this manual follow each other as in the amended Teaching Plan.
- The manual provides definitions of concepts, discussions, tables, graphs and pictures where
necessary.
- It is user-friendly for teachers, learners and parents.
- Transactions of the same type especially in Financial Literacy, have not been repeated.
E.g. giving learners five credit sales transactions for Debtors Journal recordings in five informal
activities is time consuming.
- It also caters for learners who are ‘not so intelligent’.
- Both knowledge to be gained and skills to be developed have been catered for.
- Glossary (definitions of concepts) has been provided at the end of the manual, arranged per
term and per topic.
- Informal activities have been provided at the end of the manual to supplement activities by
teachers. For answers to activities, reference must be made on discussions on content.


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
- My father (J.H. Kokoi) who ‘forced’ me to take the teaching profession and be where and what
I am to date.
- My former commercial subjects teachers and lecturers.
- My wife (Mantshadi/Mahlaetsi) who encouraged me to develop this manual.
- My colleagues in curriculum facilitation for their support and advises.
- National Government and National Department of Education for providing legislation and
Annual Teaching Plan and Programme of Assessment followed in this manual respectively.
- The management of Golden Gate Hotels for the photo used in marketing function.
- All people who made the necessary contributions but not mentioned.
- Free State Department of Education for the emblem used on the cover page.
- Adam Smith’s book: ‘... Wealth of Nations’ mentioned in economic systems is also not
traceable.
- If any copyright infringements have been made, the author is more than prepared to correct
any errors after being notified, even though that, that has been avoided at all costs.




NOTE: IT IS ILLEAGAL TO PHOTOCOPY ANY PAGES FROM THIS BOOK FOR FINANCIAL GAINS WITHOUT WRITTEN
PERMISSION OF THE AUTHOR. PHOTOCOPYING SELECTED PAGES FOR EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES IS HIGHLY
ACCEPTABLE AND ENCOURAGED FOR LEARNERS’ NOTES AND ASSESSMENT.

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, TABLE OF CONTENTS
TERM 1
 ECONOMIC SYSTEMS (ECON) ……………………………………………………………………. 7
 CIRCULAR FLOW (ECON) ……………………………………………………………………… …10
 ACCOUNTING EQUATION - Goods (FIN. LIT.) ……….…………………………………………15
 CASH RECEIPTS JOURNAL - Goods (FIN. LIT.) ……….……………………….…………….. 16
 CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL - Goods (FIN. LIT.) …………………..………………………… 20
 GENERAL LEDGER - CRJ (FIN. LIT.) ….....……………………………………………………... 23
 GENERAL LEDGER - CPJ (FIN. LIT) …….………………………………………………………. 26
 TRIAL BALANCE (FIN. LIT.) ………………………………………………………………………. 29

TERM 2
 ACCOUNTING EQUATION - Credit sales (FIN. LIT.) ………………….……………………….. 30
 DEBTORS JOURNAL (FIN. LIT.) …………………………………………………………………. 30
 CASH RECEIPTS JOURNAL - Debtors (FIN. LIT.) ……….……………………………………. 32
 DEMAND (ECON) …………………………………………………………………………………... 32
 SUPPLY (ECON) ……………………………………………………………………………………. 34
 SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY (ENTREP) …………………………….……………………….. 36

TERM 3
 FUNCTIONS OF BUSINESSES (ENTREP) ……………………………………………………… 40
 BUSINESS PLAN (ENTREP) ……………………………………………………………………… 43
 DEBTORS LEDGER (FIN. LIT.) …………………………………………………………………... 46
 GENERAL LEDGER - Debtors (FIN. LIT.) ……………………………… ………………………. 47
 ACCOUNTING EQUATION - Credit purchases (FIN. LIT.) …………… ………………………. 49
 CREDITORS JOURNAL (FIN. LIT.) ………………………………………………………………. 49
 CASH PAYMENTS JOURNAL - Creditors (FIN. LIT.) ………………………………………….. 51
 CREDITORS LEDGER (FIN. LIT.) ………………………………………………………………… 52
 GENERAL LEDGER - Creditors (FIN. LIT.) …….………………………………………………... 53

TERM 4
 TRADE UNIONS (ECON) …………………………………………………………………………... 55

ADDITIONAL

 NON-EXAMINABLE CONTENT ……………………………………………………………….….. 58
 GLOSSARY ………………………………………….………………………………………………. 69




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, TERM 1
WEEK ………..
ECONOMIC SYSTEMS


INTRODUCTION
- Economic systems try to answer four basic important economic questions to alleviate
the problem of scarcity for people of the world:
1. Which goods and services will be produced from resources?
2. How many goods and services will be produced?
3. How will goods and services be produced?
4. For whom will goods and services be produced?

NOTE:
- Global economy (globalization) a means sharing resources amongst people of the
whole world, no matter where they originate from.
Example: Raw material from South Africa processed in England and those products sold in Brazil.

1. PLANNED ECONOMY
1.1 DEFINITION
- It is an economic system in which the government makes decision on what, how and
for whom to produce for its citizens.
- This system is used by countries practicing communism and socialism as political systems.

1.2 ORIGIN
- During the self-sufficient stage, people produced for their own needs only and there
was no trade between people taking place.
- Everything was owned collectively by the people as community resources.
- Heads of tribes and heads of states were responsible for protection of these resources.
- Heads of states and other leaders from the community therefore plan and decide how
these resources will be acquired, processed and distributed to the community.

- Karl Marx, the German philosopher, ‘The father of communism’, was the great supporter
of this system.
- Centrally planned economy was common before and during the 1930s with countries
like China and Japan practicing it.
- It began to collapse after the World War II when most countries decided to trade with
each other because of depression (extremely low productivity) caused by the war.
- Countries which applied this system were later through the years regarded as
undeveloped or under-developed countries.

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