PSY 520 Week 7 MANOVA project
(Graduate Statistics) Grand
Canyon University
Emotional Development - <<<ANSWER>>>• Self-
regualtion: Modulate emotional reactions
• Theory of Mind: Being able to understand
people's thoughts, feelings, and emotions. How
kids are able to connect with others when they
are able to take other people's perspectives,
share, give and take.
• Pre-teens in this day and age have difficulty
reading emotions in others. Being in a camp for
5 days without technology improved their social
abilities and reading emotions.
• A functional approach to emotion: Emotions
serve an important function. Argument that
emotions prepare us to respond. Emotions are
the assessment of the value or importance of an
,event. For example, if you asses something as
positive, it can prepare you for future action.
Emotions have to roles in infants:
Emotional Self-Expression
Emotional Self-Regulation
Emotional Self Regulation -
<<<ANSWER>>>How we express our feelings to
others.
Temperament
− There are some aspects of temperament that
are agreed upon: individual differences in
emotional expression (intensity), biological
component (a minimal part of temperament are
partially biologically based), but temperament is
also grounded in the environment that you are
being raised.
NY Longitudinal Study - <<<ANSWER>>>• What
kinds of temperament exist?
• One of the first studies to look at temperament
longitudinally
• Participants (infancy→adulthood)
Every 3 months, 6 months, then annually
• Parental interviews
Found 9 dimension of temperaments based on
parental report
, Does your infant sleep and eat on a regular
schedule? How does your infant adapt to
novelty?
1. Activity level
− Low to high
2. Biological rhythms
− Regular or irregular
3. Approach/withdrawal
4. Adaptability
− Quickly or slowly
5. Mood
− Positive to negative
6. Intensity of Reaction
− High or low
7. Sensitivity
− Bright light, loud noises, and touch
8. Distractibility
9. Persistence
• Based on these Thomas and Chess defined 4
temperament type
Easy (40%)
− Temperament was relatively stable through
development
− Positive mood, low intensity of reaction, good
adaptability
Difficult (10%)
, − Negative mood, high intensity of reaction,
poor adaptability, irregular biological rhythms
Slow to warm up (15%)
− Slow adaptability (Ex: give them a new gift,
they watch you play with it first and then might
approach)
Average (35%)
− Not high or low on any of these dimensions
and hard to characterize.
Video on infant temperament:
InfantTemperament.mov
Implications for parenting from NY study -
<<<ANSWER>>>• Goodness of Fit: The fit
between the infants temperament and your
adult caregiving and parenting. It is important to
match temperament type.
Difficult infant, wonderful fit would be warm,
sensitive, patient caregiving, poor fit would be
impatient, cold short parent.
Temperament is heritable to some degree but
biology is not destiny because temperament
can be affected by parenting.
It's important to know that you can adjust your
baby's temperament through your parenting.
(Graduate Statistics) Grand
Canyon University
Emotional Development - <<<ANSWER>>>• Self-
regualtion: Modulate emotional reactions
• Theory of Mind: Being able to understand
people's thoughts, feelings, and emotions. How
kids are able to connect with others when they
are able to take other people's perspectives,
share, give and take.
• Pre-teens in this day and age have difficulty
reading emotions in others. Being in a camp for
5 days without technology improved their social
abilities and reading emotions.
• A functional approach to emotion: Emotions
serve an important function. Argument that
emotions prepare us to respond. Emotions are
the assessment of the value or importance of an
,event. For example, if you asses something as
positive, it can prepare you for future action.
Emotions have to roles in infants:
Emotional Self-Expression
Emotional Self-Regulation
Emotional Self Regulation -
<<<ANSWER>>>How we express our feelings to
others.
Temperament
− There are some aspects of temperament that
are agreed upon: individual differences in
emotional expression (intensity), biological
component (a minimal part of temperament are
partially biologically based), but temperament is
also grounded in the environment that you are
being raised.
NY Longitudinal Study - <<<ANSWER>>>• What
kinds of temperament exist?
• One of the first studies to look at temperament
longitudinally
• Participants (infancy→adulthood)
Every 3 months, 6 months, then annually
• Parental interviews
Found 9 dimension of temperaments based on
parental report
, Does your infant sleep and eat on a regular
schedule? How does your infant adapt to
novelty?
1. Activity level
− Low to high
2. Biological rhythms
− Regular or irregular
3. Approach/withdrawal
4. Adaptability
− Quickly or slowly
5. Mood
− Positive to negative
6. Intensity of Reaction
− High or low
7. Sensitivity
− Bright light, loud noises, and touch
8. Distractibility
9. Persistence
• Based on these Thomas and Chess defined 4
temperament type
Easy (40%)
− Temperament was relatively stable through
development
− Positive mood, low intensity of reaction, good
adaptability
Difficult (10%)
, − Negative mood, high intensity of reaction,
poor adaptability, irregular biological rhythms
Slow to warm up (15%)
− Slow adaptability (Ex: give them a new gift,
they watch you play with it first and then might
approach)
Average (35%)
− Not high or low on any of these dimensions
and hard to characterize.
Video on infant temperament:
InfantTemperament.mov
Implications for parenting from NY study -
<<<ANSWER>>>• Goodness of Fit: The fit
between the infants temperament and your
adult caregiving and parenting. It is important to
match temperament type.
Difficult infant, wonderful fit would be warm,
sensitive, patient caregiving, poor fit would be
impatient, cold short parent.
Temperament is heritable to some degree but
biology is not destiny because temperament
can be affected by parenting.
It's important to know that you can adjust your
baby's temperament through your parenting.
