ISSA Nutrition Exam Final 2024

Approximately what percentage of a cell's mass is comprised of water? 80 A thin polar membrane made of pairs of lipid molecules, is known as a(n) lipid bilayer Epithelial cells can be classified as squamous, cuboidal, or cubodial Tendons and ligaments are made of dense regular connective tissue The three types of muscle found in the human body are: cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, and smooth muscle How many organ systems are in the human body? 11 Which organ system works closely with the nervous system to produce, release, and regulate hormones? endocrine system Which of the following is a pulpy, acidic fluid passing from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partially digested food? chyme Specialized cells on the pancreas, which secrete insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin are referred to as the islets of Langerhans. The small intestine is divided into three sections, in the following order: duodenum, jejunum, ileum The process of converting ingested nutrients into energy within the body is known as metabolism We have an expert-written solution to this problem! calorie is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1° Celsius at a pressure of 1 atmosphere. What is the caloric (kcal) yield of nutritional fat? 9 kcal Which method of measuring energy expenditure measures oxygen consumed, and carbon dioxide produced? Indirect calorimetry Which of the following is widely used to predict an individual's resting metabolic rate (RMR)? Bland-Altman analysis Which of the following is a principle stating energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed from one form to another? Law of Conservation of Energy Within the ATP-ADP cycle, what is the process of adding a phosphate is called? rephosphorylation Which of the following is an enzyme catalyzing the breakdown of ATP to ADP? ATPase The phosphagen system provides an instant source of energy, for up to 30 seconds Which of the following fuel sources is the most effective at producing ATP? fatty acids Fructose produces a slower rise in blood sugar after consumption because It must be converted into glucose first Which of the following have glycemic index scores? carbs Which of the following is digested quickly in the body? monosacharides Which of the following is most likely to protect muscle from being catabolized during exercise? fruit The best time to consume a carbohydrate rich drink when cycling is when the athletic activity lasts 95 min Which of the following is a characteristic of soluble fiber? all of the above (lowers blood cholesterol, good sources=oatmeal, apple, broccoli, legumes, makes you feel fuller longer) prevents spikes in blood glucose Gut bacteria has been found to prefer which of the following types of carbohydrates? cellulose Which of the following is the primary source of energy for the brain? glycogen The liver serves as a reservoir for which of the following? glucose What is the recommended daily intake of protein for a client whose goal is to build lean body mass? 1.4-2.0 g/kg/d We have an expert-written solution to this problem! Muscle will release amino acids to be used as energy under which of the following conditions? With severe calorie restriction Of the BCAAs, which amino acids is the most used by the body? Leucine Supplementing with glutamine is most beneficial for clients Recovering from an injury Protein catabolism is most likely to occur during a 2 hour swim Which of the following food sources provides the highest amount of protein per 100 gram serving? almonds Which of the following is a branched chain amino acid? Isoleucine What role does the pancreas play in the digestion of protein? It produces protease It releases trypsin Proteins that have a high biological value are classified as complete protiens Most protein digestion happens after chyme moves into the small intestine What is the standard recommendation for total daily calories from saturated fats? 10% Which of the following is a non-essential fatty acid? omega 9 What is the recommended ratio for omega-6 to omega-3? 2:1 Which of the following is the correct number of carbons for a medium-chain fatty acid? 7 Which of the following is a precursor to bile acids? cholesterol Excess energy is stored in adipose tissue in what form? triglycerides An individual is more prone to obesity with a diet high in what type of fat? saturated fat ApoE is responsible for the reabsorption of lipids into what tissue? liver Which of the following has been linked to the formation of atherosclerotic plaque? ldl Cholesterol is needed in the synthesis of what vitamin? Vitamin D What vitamin is neither fat nor water soluble? inositol In individuals with celiac disease, gluten triggers an immune response, damaging the lining of the small intestine. The DASH diet can be followed with a normal sodium intake of up to 2,300 mg daily Clinical studies following individuals on low-energy diets (LED) and very low-energy diets (VLED) found bodyweight reductions of 10 to 15% Listening for and responding to the body's natural cues for thirst, hunger, and satiety is referred to as mindful eating Within the Atkin's diet, what percentage of calories come from protein and fats? 90 to 95 percent Which of the following is a type of diet that focuses on the timing of food intake in a 24-hor period or weekly, rather than on specific types of food? Intermittent fasting Which diet has been shown to reduce cardiovascular disease risk up to 30 percent and trigger a significant reduction in the risk of developing Type II diabetes? Mediterranean What type of formulation can help improve the absorption of vitamin A? One that is oil-based What effect is megadosing with niacin most likely to have on a client looking to increase athletic performance? It will cause early onset fatigue Women require higher amounts of which vitamin? Vitamin B Which of the following can increase the absorption of vitamin C? Bioflavonoids