critical care/flight paramedic exam
where should a cardiac transducer be placed? - ✔️✔️phlebostatic axis (4th intercostal
space midaxillary)
battles sign - ✔️✔️bruise behind ear, basilar skull fracture
becks triad - ✔️✔️jvd, muffled heart tones, hypotension. from cardiac tamponade
brudzinski sign - ✔️✔️flexion of the neck results in flexion of the hip. meningitis
coopernails sign - ✔️✔️ecchymosis on perineum, labia, scrotum. sign of pelvis fracture
cullens sign - ✔️✔️bruising around umbilicus. Sign of pancreatitis or ectopic pregnancy
grey turners sign - ✔️✔️discoloration of skin around flank. sign of pancreatitis
hammans sign - ✔️✔️crunching sound of heart with asynchronous heart beat. sign of
mediastinal emphysema/tracheobronchial disruption
babinski reflex - ✔️✔️extension and spreading of toes when bottom of foot is stroked.
sign of nervous system lesion
kehrs sign - ✔️✔️left shoulder pain associated with splenic rupture
kernigs sign - ✔️✔️pain to knee extension when hip is at 90 degrees. sign of meningitis
levines sign - ✔️✔️pain with clutched fist over midline of chest. sign of cardiac chest
pain
mcburneys sign - ✔️✔️tenderness 2/3 the distance between umbilicus and ileum. sign
of appendicitis
muphys sign - ✔️✔️pt unable to take deep breath on inspiration with deep palpation
beneath right coastal margins. sign of gall bladder issues
S2 "dub" heart tones - ✔️✔️aortic and pulmonary valve closure
s1 "lub" sound - ✔️✔️bicuspic/tricuspid valve closure
stroke volume is affected by - ✔️✔️preload, afterload, contractility
, s4 heart tone - ✔️✔️indicative of stiff or noncompliant ventricle, like with an old MI
s3 heart tone - ✔️✔️ventricle stretch due to fluid overload
right coronary artery is typically repaired by using - ✔️✔️saphenous vein
dresslers sign - ✔️✔️pericarditis from recent MI or cardiac surgery
alpha 1 stimulation results in - ✔️✔️increased SVR/vasoconstriction
beta 1 stimulation results in - ✔️✔️increased HR, contractility
janeway lesions and osler nodes are indicative of - ✔️✔️endocarditis
elevated BNP signals - ✔️✔️increased stretching of ventricles. found in CHF
what does the dicrotic notch symbolize? - ✔️✔️aortic valve closing
saline from ART line should infuse at what rate - ✔️✔️3ml/hr
normal central venous pressure (CVP) - ✔️✔️2-6
coronary perfusion pressure calculation - ✔️✔️PAWP-DBP (should be 50-60)
PAWP range - ✔️✔️8-12
PVR range - ✔️✔️50-250
PA pressure - ✔️✔️15-25 systolic, 8-15 diastolic
SVR range - ✔️✔️800-1200
what does PVR signify - ✔️✔️right heart afterload, pulmonary vascular resistance
what is PCWP - ✔️✔️same as pAWP
left heart preload is also called - ✔️✔️left ventricular end diastolic pressure LVEDP
what is CI - ✔️✔️same as CO
what happens to pressures during cardiogenic shock - ✔️✔️decreased cardiac output
(CO/CI), increased everything else
where should a cardiac transducer be placed? - ✔️✔️phlebostatic axis (4th intercostal
space midaxillary)
battles sign - ✔️✔️bruise behind ear, basilar skull fracture
becks triad - ✔️✔️jvd, muffled heart tones, hypotension. from cardiac tamponade
brudzinski sign - ✔️✔️flexion of the neck results in flexion of the hip. meningitis
coopernails sign - ✔️✔️ecchymosis on perineum, labia, scrotum. sign of pelvis fracture
cullens sign - ✔️✔️bruising around umbilicus. Sign of pancreatitis or ectopic pregnancy
grey turners sign - ✔️✔️discoloration of skin around flank. sign of pancreatitis
hammans sign - ✔️✔️crunching sound of heart with asynchronous heart beat. sign of
mediastinal emphysema/tracheobronchial disruption
babinski reflex - ✔️✔️extension and spreading of toes when bottom of foot is stroked.
sign of nervous system lesion
kehrs sign - ✔️✔️left shoulder pain associated with splenic rupture
kernigs sign - ✔️✔️pain to knee extension when hip is at 90 degrees. sign of meningitis
levines sign - ✔️✔️pain with clutched fist over midline of chest. sign of cardiac chest
pain
mcburneys sign - ✔️✔️tenderness 2/3 the distance between umbilicus and ileum. sign
of appendicitis
muphys sign - ✔️✔️pt unable to take deep breath on inspiration with deep palpation
beneath right coastal margins. sign of gall bladder issues
S2 "dub" heart tones - ✔️✔️aortic and pulmonary valve closure
s1 "lub" sound - ✔️✔️bicuspic/tricuspid valve closure
stroke volume is affected by - ✔️✔️preload, afterload, contractility
, s4 heart tone - ✔️✔️indicative of stiff or noncompliant ventricle, like with an old MI
s3 heart tone - ✔️✔️ventricle stretch due to fluid overload
right coronary artery is typically repaired by using - ✔️✔️saphenous vein
dresslers sign - ✔️✔️pericarditis from recent MI or cardiac surgery
alpha 1 stimulation results in - ✔️✔️increased SVR/vasoconstriction
beta 1 stimulation results in - ✔️✔️increased HR, contractility
janeway lesions and osler nodes are indicative of - ✔️✔️endocarditis
elevated BNP signals - ✔️✔️increased stretching of ventricles. found in CHF
what does the dicrotic notch symbolize? - ✔️✔️aortic valve closing
saline from ART line should infuse at what rate - ✔️✔️3ml/hr
normal central venous pressure (CVP) - ✔️✔️2-6
coronary perfusion pressure calculation - ✔️✔️PAWP-DBP (should be 50-60)
PAWP range - ✔️✔️8-12
PVR range - ✔️✔️50-250
PA pressure - ✔️✔️15-25 systolic, 8-15 diastolic
SVR range - ✔️✔️800-1200
what does PVR signify - ✔️✔️right heart afterload, pulmonary vascular resistance
what is PCWP - ✔️✔️same as pAWP
left heart preload is also called - ✔️✔️left ventricular end diastolic pressure LVEDP
what is CI - ✔️✔️same as CO
what happens to pressures during cardiogenic shock - ✔️✔️decreased cardiac output
(CO/CI), increased everything else
