Pathoma: GI Questions with Verified Solutions
What are the clinical features of GERD? Correct Ans-1. heartburn
2. adult onset asthma and cough
3. damage to enamel of teeth
4. ulceration with stricture and Barrett esophagus are late complications
What is adenocarcinoma of esophagus? Correct Ans-malignant proliferation of glands
most common type in the West.
Lower 1/3 of esophagus
Arises from preexisting Barrett esophagus
What is squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus? Correct Ans-malignant proliferation of
squamous cells
most common worldwide
upper or middle third of esophagus
What are the risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus? Correct Ans-1. alcohol
and tobacco
2. very hot tea
3. achalasia
4. esophageal web
5. esophageal injury (lye ingestion)
, Pathoma: GI Questions with Verified Solutions
What are the symptoms of esophageal carcinoma? Correct Ans-1. progressive dysphagia
2. weight loss
3. pain
4. hematemesis
What is the lymph node spread for upper 1/3 of esophagus? Correct Ans-cervical
What is the lymph node spread for middle 1/3 of esophagus? Correct Ans-mediastinal or
tracheobronchial
What is the lymph node spread for lower 1/3 of esophagus? Correct Ans-celiac and gastric
nodes
What is gastroschisis? Correct Ans-congenital malformation of the anterior abdominal wall
leading to exposure of abdominal contents
What is omphalocele? Correct Ans-persistent herniation of bowel into umbilical cord.
*Covered by peritoneum and amnion of umbilical cord*
What is pyloric stenosis? Correct Ans-congenital hypertrophy of pyloric smooth muscle
more common in males
, Pathoma: GI Questions with Verified Solutions
Presentation - 1. projectile nonbilious vomiting 2. visible peristalsis 3. olive like mass in
abdomen
Treatment - myotomy
How does pyloric stenosis present? Correct Ans-1. projectile nonbilious vomiting
2. visible peristalsis
3. olive like mass in abdomen
What is an aphthous ulcer? Correct Ans-Painful superficial ulceration related to stress
Resolves spontaneously but often recurs
Characterized by grayish base surrounded by erythema
Behcet syndrome Correct Ans-Recurrent aphthous ulcer, genital ulcers, and uveitis.
Due to immune complex vasculitis involving small vessels
Can be seen after viral infection
What are the major risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma? Correct Ans-tobacco and
alcohol
What is hairy leukoplakia? Correct Ans-White, rough, hair patch that arises on lateral
tongue
Seen in immunocompromised individuals
What are the clinical features of GERD? Correct Ans-1. heartburn
2. adult onset asthma and cough
3. damage to enamel of teeth
4. ulceration with stricture and Barrett esophagus are late complications
What is adenocarcinoma of esophagus? Correct Ans-malignant proliferation of glands
most common type in the West.
Lower 1/3 of esophagus
Arises from preexisting Barrett esophagus
What is squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus? Correct Ans-malignant proliferation of
squamous cells
most common worldwide
upper or middle third of esophagus
What are the risk factors of squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus? Correct Ans-1. alcohol
and tobacco
2. very hot tea
3. achalasia
4. esophageal web
5. esophageal injury (lye ingestion)
, Pathoma: GI Questions with Verified Solutions
What are the symptoms of esophageal carcinoma? Correct Ans-1. progressive dysphagia
2. weight loss
3. pain
4. hematemesis
What is the lymph node spread for upper 1/3 of esophagus? Correct Ans-cervical
What is the lymph node spread for middle 1/3 of esophagus? Correct Ans-mediastinal or
tracheobronchial
What is the lymph node spread for lower 1/3 of esophagus? Correct Ans-celiac and gastric
nodes
What is gastroschisis? Correct Ans-congenital malformation of the anterior abdominal wall
leading to exposure of abdominal contents
What is omphalocele? Correct Ans-persistent herniation of bowel into umbilical cord.
*Covered by peritoneum and amnion of umbilical cord*
What is pyloric stenosis? Correct Ans-congenital hypertrophy of pyloric smooth muscle
more common in males
, Pathoma: GI Questions with Verified Solutions
Presentation - 1. projectile nonbilious vomiting 2. visible peristalsis 3. olive like mass in
abdomen
Treatment - myotomy
How does pyloric stenosis present? Correct Ans-1. projectile nonbilious vomiting
2. visible peristalsis
3. olive like mass in abdomen
What is an aphthous ulcer? Correct Ans-Painful superficial ulceration related to stress
Resolves spontaneously but often recurs
Characterized by grayish base surrounded by erythema
Behcet syndrome Correct Ans-Recurrent aphthous ulcer, genital ulcers, and uveitis.
Due to immune complex vasculitis involving small vessels
Can be seen after viral infection
What are the major risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma? Correct Ans-tobacco and
alcohol
What is hairy leukoplakia? Correct Ans-White, rough, hair patch that arises on lateral
tongue
Seen in immunocompromised individuals
