pathoma GIT- Exam with Complete Solutions
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Correct Ans-mucin-producing goblet cells + squamous cells
MALIGNANT tumor of Parotids--> involves the facial N
Clinical presentation of TE fistula Correct Ans-most common form is blind pouch UE &
fistula between trachea and LE
-baby w/emesis
-distention of stomach/intestines
-aspiration
-polyhydramnios
Esophageal web Correct Ans-protrusion of mucosal tissue
upper esophagus
dysphagia for poorly-chewed food
increased risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Plummer vinson syndrome Correct Ans-esophageal web + severe iron-deficiency anemia +
beefy red tongue (atrophic glossitis)
Esophageal diverticula by location Correct Ans-UE - zenker
Middle - traction
LE - supraphrenic
, pathoma GIT- Exam with Complete Solutions
Zenker diverticulum presentation Correct Ans-false diverticula - out pouching of mucosa
through an acquired defect in the pharyngeal wall
-usually due to abnormal pressure gradients
S&S of esophageal diverticula Correct Ans-dysphagia
obstruction
halitosis
Mallory Weise syndrome Correct Ans-Longitudinal lacerations of esophagus at GE junction
secondary to chronic emesis
-alcoholics
-bulimics
Painful hematemesis Correct Ans-Mallory Weise syndrome - vomiting, wretching,
epigastric pain, and hematemesis
Borhaave syndrome Correct Ans-potential complication of severe Mallory Weise syndrome
- rupture thru the entire esophageal wall leading to esophageal air/fluid leakage into the
mediastinum & the plura
presents as vomiting, wrenching, chest & upper abdominal pain
fever, dyspnea, and septic shock will rapidly ensue
, pathoma GIT- Exam with Complete Solutions
subcutaneous emphysema Correct Ans-air in mediastinum - sounds like rice crisps popping
when you press on the tissues
seen in Borhaave syndrome
venous drainage of esophagus Correct Ans-middle and upper esophagus --> azygous vein
lower esophagus -->Left Gastric V --> portal venous system
painless hematemesis Correct Ans-rupture of esophageal varices
most common cause of death in cirrhosis Correct Ans-rupture of esophageal varices
achalasia Correct Ans-disordered esophageal motility & inability to relax the LES
due to damage to ganglion cells of myenteric plexus w/in muscularis propria of the esophagus
(idiopathic or Chagas disease)
apthous ulcer Correct Ans-painful ulceration of superficial oral mucosa
grayish base surrounded by erythema
arises w/stress & resolves spontaneously; often recurs
, pathoma GIT- Exam with Complete Solutions
bechet syndrome Correct Ans-Triad: apthous ulcer + genital ulcers + uveitis
etiology unknown
squamous cell carcinoma Correct Ans-malignant neoplasm of squamous cells of oral
mucosa
RF for oral squamous cell carcinoma Correct Ans-tobacco
alcohol
Leukoplakia Correct Ans-pre-malignant/dysplastic lesion of oral mucosa that makes you
worry about squamous cell carcinoma
NOT easily scraped off
Candida Correct Ans-in the differential of leukoplakia-yeast infection in immune
compromised
easily scraped off
Hairy leukoplakia Correct Ans-in the differential of leukoplakia - NON dysplastic simple
hyperplasia of oral mucosa
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Correct Ans-mucin-producing goblet cells + squamous cells
MALIGNANT tumor of Parotids--> involves the facial N
Clinical presentation of TE fistula Correct Ans-most common form is blind pouch UE &
fistula between trachea and LE
-baby w/emesis
-distention of stomach/intestines
-aspiration
-polyhydramnios
Esophageal web Correct Ans-protrusion of mucosal tissue
upper esophagus
dysphagia for poorly-chewed food
increased risk for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Plummer vinson syndrome Correct Ans-esophageal web + severe iron-deficiency anemia +
beefy red tongue (atrophic glossitis)
Esophageal diverticula by location Correct Ans-UE - zenker
Middle - traction
LE - supraphrenic
, pathoma GIT- Exam with Complete Solutions
Zenker diverticulum presentation Correct Ans-false diverticula - out pouching of mucosa
through an acquired defect in the pharyngeal wall
-usually due to abnormal pressure gradients
S&S of esophageal diverticula Correct Ans-dysphagia
obstruction
halitosis
Mallory Weise syndrome Correct Ans-Longitudinal lacerations of esophagus at GE junction
secondary to chronic emesis
-alcoholics
-bulimics
Painful hematemesis Correct Ans-Mallory Weise syndrome - vomiting, wretching,
epigastric pain, and hematemesis
Borhaave syndrome Correct Ans-potential complication of severe Mallory Weise syndrome
- rupture thru the entire esophageal wall leading to esophageal air/fluid leakage into the
mediastinum & the plura
presents as vomiting, wrenching, chest & upper abdominal pain
fever, dyspnea, and septic shock will rapidly ensue
, pathoma GIT- Exam with Complete Solutions
subcutaneous emphysema Correct Ans-air in mediastinum - sounds like rice crisps popping
when you press on the tissues
seen in Borhaave syndrome
venous drainage of esophagus Correct Ans-middle and upper esophagus --> azygous vein
lower esophagus -->Left Gastric V --> portal venous system
painless hematemesis Correct Ans-rupture of esophageal varices
most common cause of death in cirrhosis Correct Ans-rupture of esophageal varices
achalasia Correct Ans-disordered esophageal motility & inability to relax the LES
due to damage to ganglion cells of myenteric plexus w/in muscularis propria of the esophagus
(idiopathic or Chagas disease)
apthous ulcer Correct Ans-painful ulceration of superficial oral mucosa
grayish base surrounded by erythema
arises w/stress & resolves spontaneously; often recurs
, pathoma GIT- Exam with Complete Solutions
bechet syndrome Correct Ans-Triad: apthous ulcer + genital ulcers + uveitis
etiology unknown
squamous cell carcinoma Correct Ans-malignant neoplasm of squamous cells of oral
mucosa
RF for oral squamous cell carcinoma Correct Ans-tobacco
alcohol
Leukoplakia Correct Ans-pre-malignant/dysplastic lesion of oral mucosa that makes you
worry about squamous cell carcinoma
NOT easily scraped off
Candida Correct Ans-in the differential of leukoplakia-yeast infection in immune
compromised
easily scraped off
Hairy leukoplakia Correct Ans-in the differential of leukoplakia - NON dysplastic simple
hyperplasia of oral mucosa
