US HISTORY Period 3: Chapter 6: The Constitution and the New Republic, [103 - 119]

US HISTORY Period 3: Chapter 6: The Constitution and the New Republic, [103 - 119] US HISTORY Period 3: Chapter 6: The Constitution and the New Republic, [103 - 119] Period 3: Chapter 6: The Constitution and the New Republic, [103 - 119] Due Date: Tuesday - Sept 1787, Ben Franklin, George Wash, and others sign constitution - The United States Under the Articles, - 4 years between Treaty of Paris signed and Constit Convention in Philly, during time, gov under Articles of Confed w/ one house congress, no separate exec and no separate judiciary - Foreign Problems - Relations between US and Euro powers, states fail to adhere to Treaty of Paris, required that they restore prop to Loyalists and repay debts to foreigners, US too weak to stop Brit from maintaining military outposts on W frontier and redistricting trade - Economic Weakness and Interstate Quarrels - Reduced foreign trade and limited credit- states not fully repaid war debts that contrib to widespread eco depression, inability to levy tax and printing of worthless paper by many states add probs, 13 states treat one another w/ suspicion and compete for evo advantage, place tariffs on moving goods across state lines, a # of states fave boundary disputes w. Neighbors that increase interstate rivalry and tension - The Annapolis Convention - George Wash hosted conference at his home in Mt Vernon, VA (1785) to review problems, reps from VA, MD, Delaware, and Penn agree probs serious and hold more discuss in Annapolis MD- all states. Discuss improving commercial relations, James Madison and A. Ham persuade other that it should be in Philly to revise Articles Drafting the Constitution at Philadelphia - Congress consent to meeting, all 13 send delegates to revise Articles, only Rhode Island's refuse to send - The Delegates - 55 delegates in 1787, white college-educated men, few exceptions but most wealthier than ave Am, young, well acquainted w/ laws and politics, lawyers and most helped write state constit - First elect presiding officer, George Wash, and decided to communicate w/ public or not, voted to be secret until work finished, Ben Franklin, 81, was eldest and calming and unifying. Work on Articles was directed by James Madison (Father of Constit), A. Ham, Gouverneur Morris, and John Dickinson, rep diff states but common goal of wanting to strengthen nation - Several major leaders of rev not present- John Jay, TJeffs, John Adams, and TPaine on diplomatic business abroad, Sam Adams and John Hancock not chosen delegates, Patrick Henry opposed any growth in fed power and refuses to go - Key Issues - Some want to revise, strong nationalists like Madison and A. Ham want new document they take control - Representation - Should larger states have more reps than smaller? Madison- VA plan favored large states, NJ Plan- favors small states. Roger Sherman- Connecticut Plan or Great Compromise- two house congress Senate =, House of Reps pop size based - Slavery - How enslaved people counted in pop? Three-Fifths Comp - Should slave trade be allowed? Slaves imported for 20 years (1808) than congress can vote to abolish it - Trade - North wants central govt to regulate interstate commerce and foreign trade, South afraid that taxes on exporting agri products like tobacco and rice. Commercial comp- regulate interstate and foreign, place tariffs on foreign but not allowed to tax exports - The Presidency - Pres for life or term of four years but no limit on # of terms - Method of electing, not directly- electoral college equal to states # of reps and senators - Powers of Pres, considerable amt including vetoing congress - Ratification - Sept 17, 1787 after 17 weeks, convention approves draft of Constit to submit to states to ratify, anticipate opposition and Framers specified that 9/13 states need to ratify, popularly elected conventions for debate and vote Federalists and Antifederalists Federalists Antifederalists George Wash, Ben Franklin, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton Stronger central gov to maintain order and union Emphasize weakness of Articles, show opponents as negative w/ no solutions Strong leaders, well organized Constit was new and united, originally lacked Bill of Rights VA- George Mason and Patrick Henry Mass- James Winthrop and John Hancock NY- George Clinton Stronger central gov would destroy the work of the Rev, limit democracy, restrict state rights Argue Constit contained no protection of indiv rights, gave central gov more power than Brits ever had Appeal to pop distrust of gov based on colonial challenge Poorly organized, slow to respond to Fed challenge - The Federalist Papers - Essays in NY newspaper by A. Ham, Madison and John Jay- 85 later in book, present reasons for practicality of each provision in Constit - Outcome Feds win early in Delaware, NJ, and Penn, promise to add Bill of Rights to address anit-fed objection, New Hamp votes y