Pedorthics Final help Exam/366
Questions and Answers
what midfoot bone is relieved by adding the ST groove? - -navicular
-the triplanar joints of the foot are parallel to the cardinal planes t/f - -false -
these joints are non-parallel
-which joint of the foot is a composite joint with 2 different joint axes? - -MTJ
(midtarsal joint)
-what is true for the medial foot column? - -more flexible than the lateral
foot column
-which joint of the foot is the primary provider of DF and PF? - -talocrural
joint, TCJ
-the primary motions of the TCJ is PF and DF. because the joint axis is
pitched 10 degrees from the transverse plane, what are the secondary
motions? - -this ADducts and inverts. Or, it ABducts and everts
-the "ST modification" prevents the sustentaculum tali from collapsing
laterally, which prevents calcaneal varus. t/f - -false, this modification helps
the outer sides, and stops this problem
-the lateral column of the foot typically accepts what percentage of force
throughout stance phase? - -30%
-this bony prominence may be a problem of concern for patients with ERD -
-cuboid
-the STJ include articulations of which bones? - -calcaneus and talus
-the subtalar joint usually allows for what degrees of motion in a non-
pathological foot? - -30 degrees inversion, 10 degrees eversion
-internal rotatory deformity (IRD) includes these 3 motions - -1. calcaneal
valgus,
2. midfoot pronation
3, forefoot abduction
-external rotatory deformity (ERD) includes these 3 motions - -1. calcaneal
varus
,2. midfoot supination
3. forefoot adduction
-The orthotic synonym of IRD: - -pes planus
-In order to make certain that the foot is in subtalar neutral - -there must be
equal to no pressure on either side of the talus
-is it possible to block motion in one cardinal plane without altering motion
in either of the other cardinal planes? - -no, this isolation of triplanar motion
is impossible.
-extrinsic posting?
intrinsic posting? - -extrinsic posting? is adding a wedge on the outside
intrinsic posting is changing the model itself.
-if you remove material from the lateral aspect of the heel to reduce varus,
it is extrinsic posting? or intrinsic posting? - -then this is an intrinsic
modification
-when you add plastic to the lateral plantar side of the foot orthosis heel you
are doing: extrinsic posting?
intrinsic posting? - -an extrinsic modification
-when you add plaster material to the medial aspect of the metatarsal
portion of the mold, then you are doing: extrinsic posting? intrinsic posting? -
-an intrinsic modification
-If the orthotist desires an intrinsic and extrinsic post that will decelerate
pronation at initial contact, which side of the heel should be shaved down in
the positive plantar model and which side should have plastic added to the
orthosis? - -medial side
-to have the greatest effect the Morton's extension modification terminates:
- -just beyond the end of the 1st toe
-what is considered the most diabetic friendly insert material? - -soft
plastazote
-when does shock absorption occur during the gait cycle? - -initial contact
to loading response (IC to LR)
-during weight bearing, transferring weight to stance foot (mid-stance) is
approximately what percent of the body weight in force? - -115%
, -during weight bearing, when the heel is lifting off the floor it is
approximately what percent of the body weight in force? - -110%
-in normal gait, a patient's foot completes its transformation into a rigid foot
lever when? - -just prior to midstance
-in normal gait, the calcaneus will be in what position on heel strike? (this is
IC) - -inverted
-in which stage of gait is the foot in a position for surface adaptation? - -
midstance
-the biomechanical mechanisms that position the foot for surface adaptation
are - -subtalar joint pronation, midtarsal joint unlocks (in parallel)
-the biomechanical mechanisms that position the foot for more effective
propulsion are - -subtalar joint supination, midtarsal joint locks (non-parallel)
-the vamp is - -flat front top surface of shoe
-the tongue is - -the flap between the area with holes on the shoe
-the counter is - -where the heel rests back upon
-the footbed is - -the curved top in the sole of the shoe
-the shank is - -the metallic slit within the sole
-sesamoiditis causes pain under 1st MTP during? - -toe off and late
midstance
-a goal for treating PTTD is to - -stop pronating, forefoot abducting, internal
tibial rotating, and calcaneal valgus
-metatarsalgia treatment 3 types - -1. shear reducing top
2. met pad
3. met bar
-is morton toe the same as morton neuroma? - -no, these 2 are different
-morton's neuroma is thickening of the plantar nerve between? - -the 3rd
and 4th met heads
-a good treatment for morton neuroma is using a met pad to support? - -the
transverse arch
, -former stroke patients have what rate more to have vascular disease? - -
they have 2 to 4 times more
-70% of diabetics have some form of? - -diabetic neuropathy
-when assessing for foot orthotics it is important to measure the foot with a?
- -a Brannock device
-why is it important to evaluate an existing shoe? - -1. to assess wear
patterns
2. to assess size appropriateness
3. to consider closure options
-what purpose do the toe crests serve? - -they keep toes extended and fill
the space in sulcus keeping the fat pad under the met heads
-Orthotic success depends on: - -good shoe fit
-10 shoe components - -1. toe box
2. vamp
3. throat
4. eyelet
5. tongue
6. collar
7. counter
8. heel
9. sole
10. lace stay
-6 shoe components - -1. upper
2. foot bed
3. insole
4. midsole
5. steel shank
6. outsole
-EVA Crepe 3 facts: - -1. higher durometer
2. heavier
3. good for little compression need (posts, higher weight individuals)
-EVA Cloud 4 facts: - -1. lower durometer
2. softer
3. shock absorber
4. lighter than crepe (good for heel and sole lifts)
-shoe lasts are: - -1. the model the shoe is made on
Questions and Answers
what midfoot bone is relieved by adding the ST groove? - -navicular
-the triplanar joints of the foot are parallel to the cardinal planes t/f - -false -
these joints are non-parallel
-which joint of the foot is a composite joint with 2 different joint axes? - -MTJ
(midtarsal joint)
-what is true for the medial foot column? - -more flexible than the lateral
foot column
-which joint of the foot is the primary provider of DF and PF? - -talocrural
joint, TCJ
-the primary motions of the TCJ is PF and DF. because the joint axis is
pitched 10 degrees from the transverse plane, what are the secondary
motions? - -this ADducts and inverts. Or, it ABducts and everts
-the "ST modification" prevents the sustentaculum tali from collapsing
laterally, which prevents calcaneal varus. t/f - -false, this modification helps
the outer sides, and stops this problem
-the lateral column of the foot typically accepts what percentage of force
throughout stance phase? - -30%
-this bony prominence may be a problem of concern for patients with ERD -
-cuboid
-the STJ include articulations of which bones? - -calcaneus and talus
-the subtalar joint usually allows for what degrees of motion in a non-
pathological foot? - -30 degrees inversion, 10 degrees eversion
-internal rotatory deformity (IRD) includes these 3 motions - -1. calcaneal
valgus,
2. midfoot pronation
3, forefoot abduction
-external rotatory deformity (ERD) includes these 3 motions - -1. calcaneal
varus
,2. midfoot supination
3. forefoot adduction
-The orthotic synonym of IRD: - -pes planus
-In order to make certain that the foot is in subtalar neutral - -there must be
equal to no pressure on either side of the talus
-is it possible to block motion in one cardinal plane without altering motion
in either of the other cardinal planes? - -no, this isolation of triplanar motion
is impossible.
-extrinsic posting?
intrinsic posting? - -extrinsic posting? is adding a wedge on the outside
intrinsic posting is changing the model itself.
-if you remove material from the lateral aspect of the heel to reduce varus,
it is extrinsic posting? or intrinsic posting? - -then this is an intrinsic
modification
-when you add plastic to the lateral plantar side of the foot orthosis heel you
are doing: extrinsic posting?
intrinsic posting? - -an extrinsic modification
-when you add plaster material to the medial aspect of the metatarsal
portion of the mold, then you are doing: extrinsic posting? intrinsic posting? -
-an intrinsic modification
-If the orthotist desires an intrinsic and extrinsic post that will decelerate
pronation at initial contact, which side of the heel should be shaved down in
the positive plantar model and which side should have plastic added to the
orthosis? - -medial side
-to have the greatest effect the Morton's extension modification terminates:
- -just beyond the end of the 1st toe
-what is considered the most diabetic friendly insert material? - -soft
plastazote
-when does shock absorption occur during the gait cycle? - -initial contact
to loading response (IC to LR)
-during weight bearing, transferring weight to stance foot (mid-stance) is
approximately what percent of the body weight in force? - -115%
, -during weight bearing, when the heel is lifting off the floor it is
approximately what percent of the body weight in force? - -110%
-in normal gait, a patient's foot completes its transformation into a rigid foot
lever when? - -just prior to midstance
-in normal gait, the calcaneus will be in what position on heel strike? (this is
IC) - -inverted
-in which stage of gait is the foot in a position for surface adaptation? - -
midstance
-the biomechanical mechanisms that position the foot for surface adaptation
are - -subtalar joint pronation, midtarsal joint unlocks (in parallel)
-the biomechanical mechanisms that position the foot for more effective
propulsion are - -subtalar joint supination, midtarsal joint locks (non-parallel)
-the vamp is - -flat front top surface of shoe
-the tongue is - -the flap between the area with holes on the shoe
-the counter is - -where the heel rests back upon
-the footbed is - -the curved top in the sole of the shoe
-the shank is - -the metallic slit within the sole
-sesamoiditis causes pain under 1st MTP during? - -toe off and late
midstance
-a goal for treating PTTD is to - -stop pronating, forefoot abducting, internal
tibial rotating, and calcaneal valgus
-metatarsalgia treatment 3 types - -1. shear reducing top
2. met pad
3. met bar
-is morton toe the same as morton neuroma? - -no, these 2 are different
-morton's neuroma is thickening of the plantar nerve between? - -the 3rd
and 4th met heads
-a good treatment for morton neuroma is using a met pad to support? - -the
transverse arch
, -former stroke patients have what rate more to have vascular disease? - -
they have 2 to 4 times more
-70% of diabetics have some form of? - -diabetic neuropathy
-when assessing for foot orthotics it is important to measure the foot with a?
- -a Brannock device
-why is it important to evaluate an existing shoe? - -1. to assess wear
patterns
2. to assess size appropriateness
3. to consider closure options
-what purpose do the toe crests serve? - -they keep toes extended and fill
the space in sulcus keeping the fat pad under the met heads
-Orthotic success depends on: - -good shoe fit
-10 shoe components - -1. toe box
2. vamp
3. throat
4. eyelet
5. tongue
6. collar
7. counter
8. heel
9. sole
10. lace stay
-6 shoe components - -1. upper
2. foot bed
3. insole
4. midsole
5. steel shank
6. outsole
-EVA Crepe 3 facts: - -1. higher durometer
2. heavier
3. good for little compression need (posts, higher weight individuals)
-EVA Cloud 4 facts: - -1. lower durometer
2. softer
3. shock absorber
4. lighter than crepe (good for heel and sole lifts)
-shoe lasts are: - -1. the model the shoe is made on
