Pedorthics Final Exam with Questions &
100% Correct Answers Already Passed
WB STJ in supination - ✔MTJ axis not parallel; MTJ locked; talus stacked on calcaneus;
rigid propulsion; occurs during Midstance and slightly during terminal stance
WB STJ in pronation - ✔MTJ axis parallel; MTJ unlocked; talus slips off calcaneus;
shock absorption; occurs during loading response
4 items that run posterior to the medial malleolus - ✔Tibialis posterior, flexor
digitorum longus, posterior tibial artery & nerve, flexor hallucis longus
Function of the 4 items running posterior to medial malleolus - ✔Acts as a pulley system
for more powerful plantarflexion
Medial ligament of the ankle (4 parts) - ✔Anterior tibiotalar part, tibionavicular part,
tibiocalcaneal part, posterior tibiotalar part
Functions of the medial ligaments of the ankle - ✔Maintains longitudinal arch, propulsion
,Lateral ligaments of the ankle - ✔Posterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular
ligament, anterior talofibular ligament
Function of lateral ligaments of the ankle - ✔Extra stability
Function of plantar ligaments (short, long, plantar aponeurosis) - ✔Maintains
medial longitudinal arch
Interossei muscles primary function - ✔Plantar interossei - ADduct
digits Dorsal interossei - ABduct digits
Adductor hallucis primary function - ✔Adducts hallux, transverse arch support
Flexor hallucis brevis primary function - ✔Flexes proximal phalanx of hallux
Flexor digiti minimi primary function - ✔Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Quadratus plantae primary function - ✔Assists in flexing digits 2-5
Lumbricals primary function - ✔Flex proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal
phalanges of digits 2-5
Extensor digitorum brevis primary function - ✔Aids EDL in extending digits 1-4 at MTP and
IP joints
Extensor hallucis brevis primary function - ✔Aids EHL in extending digit 1 at MTP joint
, Extensor digiti minimi primary function - ✔Extends digit 5
Muscles and motions in the distal medial quadrant - ✔Dorsiflexion & inversion:
extensor hallucis longus, tibialis anterior
Muscles and motions in the distal lateral quadrant - ✔Dorsiflexion & eversion:
extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius
Muscles and motions in the proximal medial quadrant - ✔Plantarflexion & inversion:
tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, Achilles tendon
Muscles and motions in the proximal lateral quadrant - ✔Plantarflexion & eversion:
fibularis brevis, fibularis longus
The negative cascade of peripheral neuropathy - ✔Diabetic neuropathy & peripheral
vascular disease -> ulcers -> infection -> amputation -> increased pressured on foot -> repeat
What is peripheral neuropathy? - ✔Nerve disease outside of the brain and spinal cord
Causes of peripheral neuropathy - ✔DM, hypothyroidism, nutritional deficiency (vit B),
toxic exposure, medication, systemic diseases, trauma, idiopathic
Types of peripheral neuropathy by affected system - ✔Sensory, motor, autonomic
Types of peripheral neuropathy by affected anatomy - ✔Axonal, demyelinating
Types of peripheral neuropathy by characteristic - ✔Mononeuropathy, polyneuropathy
100% Correct Answers Already Passed
WB STJ in supination - ✔MTJ axis not parallel; MTJ locked; talus stacked on calcaneus;
rigid propulsion; occurs during Midstance and slightly during terminal stance
WB STJ in pronation - ✔MTJ axis parallel; MTJ unlocked; talus slips off calcaneus;
shock absorption; occurs during loading response
4 items that run posterior to the medial malleolus - ✔Tibialis posterior, flexor
digitorum longus, posterior tibial artery & nerve, flexor hallucis longus
Function of the 4 items running posterior to medial malleolus - ✔Acts as a pulley system
for more powerful plantarflexion
Medial ligament of the ankle (4 parts) - ✔Anterior tibiotalar part, tibionavicular part,
tibiocalcaneal part, posterior tibiotalar part
Functions of the medial ligaments of the ankle - ✔Maintains longitudinal arch, propulsion
,Lateral ligaments of the ankle - ✔Posterior talofibular ligament, calcaneofibular
ligament, anterior talofibular ligament
Function of lateral ligaments of the ankle - ✔Extra stability
Function of plantar ligaments (short, long, plantar aponeurosis) - ✔Maintains
medial longitudinal arch
Interossei muscles primary function - ✔Plantar interossei - ADduct
digits Dorsal interossei - ABduct digits
Adductor hallucis primary function - ✔Adducts hallux, transverse arch support
Flexor hallucis brevis primary function - ✔Flexes proximal phalanx of hallux
Flexor digiti minimi primary function - ✔Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit
Quadratus plantae primary function - ✔Assists in flexing digits 2-5
Lumbricals primary function - ✔Flex proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal
phalanges of digits 2-5
Extensor digitorum brevis primary function - ✔Aids EDL in extending digits 1-4 at MTP and
IP joints
Extensor hallucis brevis primary function - ✔Aids EHL in extending digit 1 at MTP joint
, Extensor digiti minimi primary function - ✔Extends digit 5
Muscles and motions in the distal medial quadrant - ✔Dorsiflexion & inversion:
extensor hallucis longus, tibialis anterior
Muscles and motions in the distal lateral quadrant - ✔Dorsiflexion & eversion:
extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius
Muscles and motions in the proximal medial quadrant - ✔Plantarflexion & inversion:
tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, Achilles tendon
Muscles and motions in the proximal lateral quadrant - ✔Plantarflexion & eversion:
fibularis brevis, fibularis longus
The negative cascade of peripheral neuropathy - ✔Diabetic neuropathy & peripheral
vascular disease -> ulcers -> infection -> amputation -> increased pressured on foot -> repeat
What is peripheral neuropathy? - ✔Nerve disease outside of the brain and spinal cord
Causes of peripheral neuropathy - ✔DM, hypothyroidism, nutritional deficiency (vit B),
toxic exposure, medication, systemic diseases, trauma, idiopathic
Types of peripheral neuropathy by affected system - ✔Sensory, motor, autonomic
Types of peripheral neuropathy by affected anatomy - ✔Axonal, demyelinating
Types of peripheral neuropathy by characteristic - ✔Mononeuropathy, polyneuropathy
