Brooks Biodiversity Unit 2 Exam
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Kingdom Fungi Characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Decomposers - Significant
recyclers
Heterotrophs w extracellular digestion
Chitin-based cell wall
Saprobes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- nutrients from dead organic matter
Symbionts - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- nutrients from living organic matter
Thallus/Mycelium - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- body of fungal organism
Hyphae - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- filaments that make up thallus/mycelium
can be septate or coenocytic
Septate - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- cell walls partition cells (think separate)
Coenocytic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- no cell wall partitions (think co-, together)
Haustoria - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Specialized hyphae that release exoenzymes for
extracellular digestion
Fungus are typically in what state? Diploid or Haploid? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
HAPLOID
Fungi Reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Can produce both asexually and sexually
Fertilization (Syngamy) occurs initially with fusion of cytoplasm (Plasmogamy)
,Usually, mitotic cell division begins BEFORE nuclei fuse (karyogamy)
Dikaryotic stage - transition ploidy (n+n)
After karyogamy, meiosis can occur to produce genetically unique spores.
No male or female, just + and -.
Sporangium - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- generic name for spore producing structure
Phylum Zygomycota - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Kingdom Fungi
Spores dispersed by air
Hyphae w/ few or no septa
No female or male, but + or -.
Sexually - Zygote (2n) engages in meiosis in the zygosporangium producing genetically
unique zygospores
Asexually - producing spores from sporangia mitotically, genetically identical
Ex: Rhizopus - Black bread mold
Rhizopus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Phylum Zygomycota
Black bread mold
Phylum Ascomycota - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Kingdom Fungi
Largest class
free-living and symbiotic
spores dispersed by air
Septate hyphae w/ perforations
Ascus/spore sac forms ASCOCARP
Asexually - Conidia (spores) pinch off from conidiophores
Sexually - 2 Hyphae fuse to form n+n structure
Plasmogamy, already start dividing mitotically
Ascoscarp (structure that produces spores) pops up out of ground via mitosis
Karyogamy - nuclei fuse, now diploid
, Meiosis occurs - 4 genetically unique ascospores
Mitosis occurs - 8 haploid ascospores, 4 of which are unique
Ex: Peziza, Saccharomyces/Yeast, Claviceps & Rye ergot, Penicillium (Penicillin), Morels &
Truffles, Cheese, Wine & Bread
Mitosis can occur in ANY Ploidy (True or False) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
How many different kinds of spores are found in an Ascus? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 4
genetically unique. 8 total.
Peziza - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Phylum Ascomycota
Cup/sac fungus
Saccharomyces "Yeast" - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Phylum Ascomycota
Unicellular
Claviceps "Rye Ergot" - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Phylum Ascomycota
Poisonous, can cause rye ergot poisoning
Can occur with too much moisture
Penicillium - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Phylum Ascomycota
Penicillin
First antibiotic
Morels & Truffles - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Phylum Ascomycota
Considered a delicacy, expensive
Cheese, wine & Bread - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Phylum Ascomycota
Yeast fungi present. Fermentation used for taste, alcohol and carbon dioxide bubble. Blue
cheese - fungal hyphae
UPDATED ACTUAL Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Kingdom Fungi Characteristics - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Decomposers - Significant
recyclers
Heterotrophs w extracellular digestion
Chitin-based cell wall
Saprobes - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- nutrients from dead organic matter
Symbionts - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- nutrients from living organic matter
Thallus/Mycelium - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- body of fungal organism
Hyphae - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- filaments that make up thallus/mycelium
can be septate or coenocytic
Septate - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- cell walls partition cells (think separate)
Coenocytic - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- no cell wall partitions (think co-, together)
Haustoria - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Specialized hyphae that release exoenzymes for
extracellular digestion
Fungus are typically in what state? Diploid or Haploid? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-
HAPLOID
Fungi Reproduction - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Can produce both asexually and sexually
Fertilization (Syngamy) occurs initially with fusion of cytoplasm (Plasmogamy)
,Usually, mitotic cell division begins BEFORE nuclei fuse (karyogamy)
Dikaryotic stage - transition ploidy (n+n)
After karyogamy, meiosis can occur to produce genetically unique spores.
No male or female, just + and -.
Sporangium - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- generic name for spore producing structure
Phylum Zygomycota - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Kingdom Fungi
Spores dispersed by air
Hyphae w/ few or no septa
No female or male, but + or -.
Sexually - Zygote (2n) engages in meiosis in the zygosporangium producing genetically
unique zygospores
Asexually - producing spores from sporangia mitotically, genetically identical
Ex: Rhizopus - Black bread mold
Rhizopus - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Phylum Zygomycota
Black bread mold
Phylum Ascomycota - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Kingdom Fungi
Largest class
free-living and symbiotic
spores dispersed by air
Septate hyphae w/ perforations
Ascus/spore sac forms ASCOCARP
Asexually - Conidia (spores) pinch off from conidiophores
Sexually - 2 Hyphae fuse to form n+n structure
Plasmogamy, already start dividing mitotically
Ascoscarp (structure that produces spores) pops up out of ground via mitosis
Karyogamy - nuclei fuse, now diploid
, Meiosis occurs - 4 genetically unique ascospores
Mitosis occurs - 8 haploid ascospores, 4 of which are unique
Ex: Peziza, Saccharomyces/Yeast, Claviceps & Rye ergot, Penicillium (Penicillin), Morels &
Truffles, Cheese, Wine & Bread
Mitosis can occur in ANY Ploidy (True or False) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- TRUE
How many different kinds of spores are found in an Ascus? - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- 4
genetically unique. 8 total.
Peziza - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Phylum Ascomycota
Cup/sac fungus
Saccharomyces "Yeast" - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Phylum Ascomycota
Unicellular
Claviceps "Rye Ergot" - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Phylum Ascomycota
Poisonous, can cause rye ergot poisoning
Can occur with too much moisture
Penicillium - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Phylum Ascomycota
Penicillin
First antibiotic
Morels & Truffles - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Phylum Ascomycota
Considered a delicacy, expensive
Cheese, wine & Bread - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔- Phylum Ascomycota
Yeast fungi present. Fermentation used for taste, alcohol and carbon dioxide bubble. Blue
cheese - fungal hyphae
