Chapter 31: Family, Social, Cultural, and Religious Influences on Children’s Health
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which theory helps nurses understand and assess families as a whole while understanding and
assessing the individuals that make up that whole?
a. Family systems theory
b. Developmental theory
c. Family stress theory
d. Family assessment
ANS: A
Family systems theory is a common approach that nurses use to understand and assess families
as a whole, as well as in understanding and assessing the individuals that make up that whole,
by using concepts that help one to think about the family as a system. Family stress theory
explains the reaction of families to stressful events. In developmental theory, the nurse
provides anticipatory guidance to help family members cope with the challenging event. Family
assessment is not a theory. An assessment is necessary to discover the family’s dynamics,
strengths, and weaknesses.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 838
OBJ: Nursing Process: Assessment
2. The birth order of children affects their personalities. What is considered to be a characteristic
of children who are the youngest in their family?
a. They are more dependent than firstborn
children.
b. They are more outgoing than firstborn
children.
c. They identify more with parents than with
peers.
d. They are subject to greater parental
expectations.
ANS: B
Later-born children are obliged to interact with older siblings from birth; they seem to be more
outgoing and make friends more easily than firstborns. Firstborn and only children tend to be
more dependent than later-born children, identify more with their parents than their peers,
and are subject to greater parental expectations.
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 841 OBJ: Nursing Process: Planning
3. Studies about the ordinal position of children in a family suggest that which is a characteristic
of firstborn children?
a. Praised less often
b. More achievement oriented
c. More popular with their peer group
d. Identifying with their peer group more
than their parents
ANS: B
Firstborn children, like only children, tend to be more achievement oriented. Later-born
children may be praised less often, tend to be more popular with their peer group, and identify
with their peer group more than with their parents.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 841 | Box 31-2 OBJ:
Nursing Process: Planning
4. What statement applies to the rate of frequency at which monozygotic (identical) twins are
born?
a. The rate is affected by heredity.
b. The rate is affected by maternal age.
c. It is uniform among races.
d. They display near-unison in actions
and behaviours.
ANS: D
There can be differences in the behaviours between identical and fraternal twins. There is near-
unison in the actions of identical twins (although they alternate in assuming the leadership),
but fraternal twins, even of the same sex, do not display this quality. The tendency toward
monozygotic twins is unaffected by heredity. Monozygotic twins are not affected by maternal
age, but higher-order births are. Multiple births occur with variable frequency and are not
uniform among any particular population or race.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 842
OBJ: Nursing Process: Assessment
5. Nicole and Kelly, age 5 years, are identical twins. Their parents tell the nurse that the girls
always want to be together. Which statement about twins should the nurse’s suggestions be
based on?
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which theory helps nurses understand and assess families as a whole while understanding and
assessing the individuals that make up that whole?
a. Family systems theory
b. Developmental theory
c. Family stress theory
d. Family assessment
ANS: A
Family systems theory is a common approach that nurses use to understand and assess families
as a whole, as well as in understanding and assessing the individuals that make up that whole,
by using concepts that help one to think about the family as a system. Family stress theory
explains the reaction of families to stressful events. In developmental theory, the nurse
provides anticipatory guidance to help family members cope with the challenging event. Family
assessment is not a theory. An assessment is necessary to discover the family’s dynamics,
strengths, and weaknesses.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 838
OBJ: Nursing Process: Assessment
2. The birth order of children affects their personalities. What is considered to be a characteristic
of children who are the youngest in their family?
a. They are more dependent than firstborn
children.
b. They are more outgoing than firstborn
children.
c. They identify more with parents than with
peers.
d. They are subject to greater parental
expectations.
ANS: B
Later-born children are obliged to interact with older siblings from birth; they seem to be more
outgoing and make friends more easily than firstborns. Firstborn and only children tend to be
more dependent than later-born children, identify more with their parents than their peers,
and are subject to greater parental expectations.
, DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 841 OBJ: Nursing Process: Planning
3. Studies about the ordinal position of children in a family suggest that which is a characteristic
of firstborn children?
a. Praised less often
b. More achievement oriented
c. More popular with their peer group
d. Identifying with their peer group more
than their parents
ANS: B
Firstborn children, like only children, tend to be more achievement oriented. Later-born
children may be praised less often, tend to be more popular with their peer group, and identify
with their peer group more than with their parents.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 841 | Box 31-2 OBJ:
Nursing Process: Planning
4. What statement applies to the rate of frequency at which monozygotic (identical) twins are
born?
a. The rate is affected by heredity.
b. The rate is affected by maternal age.
c. It is uniform among races.
d. They display near-unison in actions
and behaviours.
ANS: D
There can be differences in the behaviours between identical and fraternal twins. There is near-
unison in the actions of identical twins (although they alternate in assuming the leadership),
but fraternal twins, even of the same sex, do not display this quality. The tendency toward
monozygotic twins is unaffected by heredity. Monozygotic twins are not affected by maternal
age, but higher-order births are. Multiple births occur with variable frequency and are not
uniform among any particular population or race.
DIF: Cognitive Level: Knowledge REF: p. 842
OBJ: Nursing Process: Assessment
5. Nicole and Kelly, age 5 years, are identical twins. Their parents tell the nurse that the girls
always want to be together. Which statement about twins should the nurse’s suggestions be
based on?
