BCH 330 Final Exam
A _____ protein known as ____ contains 3 AMINO ACIDS that undergo an oxidative reaction to form an
intense _____ fluorophore. This protein is remarkably useful because the fluorophore is _____.
Importantly, GFP can be attached to form a ____ with a second protein of interest during standard
cloning procedures. - correct answer ✔✔β-barrel, GFP, intrinsic, encoded in the amino acid sequence,
fusion protein
_____ is a support medium that has two functions: 1) prevents molecules from diffusing into broad
bands 2) provides a sieving material that obstructs the movement of larger particles more than smaller
ones, allowing them to separate.
The term _______ refers to a specific gel layer technique that "focuses" a protein band. The mechanism
involves creating a large voltage gradient between Cl- and the _____ in a later called the _______, which
has a reduced pH. - correct answer ✔✔Polyacrylamide, discontinuous gel, glycinate zwitterion, stacking
gel
The following equation is the analytical version of the principle of ______________________
the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the product of the activities or concentrations
of the reactants
∆G= ∆G₀ + RTlnQ, where Q=[C][D]/[A][B] - correct answer ✔✔mass action
What emphasizes the relative contributions of enthalpic and entropic energies to the stabilization of
globular proteins? - correct answer ✔✔hydrophobic effect
What does ∆G stand for? - correct answer ✔✔standard state free energy
What is calculated by the following equation?
,K = [products] / [reactants] - correct answer ✔✔equilibrium constant
H = U + PV
Describes the energy absorbed/released during the making/breaking of bonds. - correct answer
✔✔Enthalpy (∆H)
∆H describes the energy associated with ______. - correct answer ✔✔bond breakage/dissociation
The term ∆S refers to _____, which is defined as ______. - correct answer ✔✔entropy, number of
available configurations
_______ are dependent only on the total concentration of a solute species. Examples include pressure
lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure. - correct answer
✔✔colligative properties
_______ is the phenomena by which H₂O tries to dilute the counterions that are bound to the
macromolecule. This makes the concentration of H₂O higher near the molecule than in the bulk solution.
This results in the property of _____ in which a charged protein or nucleic acid contains an
electrostricted ion-H₂O shell. - correct answer ✔✔Donan effect, electrostriction
colligative properties may also be related
________ defines the concentration dependence of ∆G. One example is that it drives osmotic pressure.
μ = ∆G/∆n = ∆G/(∆cV) - correct answer ✔✔chemical potenial
________ definitions and their equations are used to describe a derivative when one or more other
variables are held constant - correct answer ✔✔partial differentials
∆U = q + w
, where ∆U refers to the _____ of a ______, as contributed to by ______ (q) and work (w). The amount of
energy it takes to go from one state to another.
ΔU = TΔS + uΔn - PΔV - correct answer ✔✔internal energy, system, heat
_____ (___) has the dimensions of energy and can be used to calculate ______ using the following
equation:
¹/₂ KbT, where Kb = 1.381x10^-23 JK^-1 - correct answer ✔✔Boltzman's contant (Kb), degrees of freedom
Q = Σj cj = Σj exp (-ΔGj/RT) describes _______, which is the ratio of concentrations of a compound in a
mixture of two immiscible phases at equilibrium. This ratio is therefore a measure of the difference in
solubility of the compound in these two phases.
Example of this is dissolving benzene in H₂O (Csw) vs. oil (Cso) or the difference between an AA presence
in water or benzene to determine its hydrophobicity/philicity - correct answer ✔✔partition coefficient
d ln Keq / d (1/T) = -ΔH°/R
ln Keq = -∆H/RT + ∆S/R
The above equations are the _______, which is used to create a _____ by plotting ln Keq vs. 1/T.
Ultimately, ____ is calculated using the slope (∆H/R). - correct answer ✔✔Van't Hoff equation, Arrhenius
plot, ∆H
_____ is measured by _____ calorimetry, during which a _____ is produced by plotting d(# bonds)/dT vs.
T. - correct answer ✔✔heat capacity, differential scanning, calorimetry peak
k = A exp(-Eact/RT) is ________, which describes how the _______ is related to temperature. - correct
answer ✔✔Arrhenius equation, rate constant (k)
A _____ protein known as ____ contains 3 AMINO ACIDS that undergo an oxidative reaction to form an
intense _____ fluorophore. This protein is remarkably useful because the fluorophore is _____.
Importantly, GFP can be attached to form a ____ with a second protein of interest during standard
cloning procedures. - correct answer ✔✔β-barrel, GFP, intrinsic, encoded in the amino acid sequence,
fusion protein
_____ is a support medium that has two functions: 1) prevents molecules from diffusing into broad
bands 2) provides a sieving material that obstructs the movement of larger particles more than smaller
ones, allowing them to separate.
The term _______ refers to a specific gel layer technique that "focuses" a protein band. The mechanism
involves creating a large voltage gradient between Cl- and the _____ in a later called the _______, which
has a reduced pH. - correct answer ✔✔Polyacrylamide, discontinuous gel, glycinate zwitterion, stacking
gel
The following equation is the analytical version of the principle of ______________________
the rate of a chemical reaction is directly proportional to the product of the activities or concentrations
of the reactants
∆G= ∆G₀ + RTlnQ, where Q=[C][D]/[A][B] - correct answer ✔✔mass action
What emphasizes the relative contributions of enthalpic and entropic energies to the stabilization of
globular proteins? - correct answer ✔✔hydrophobic effect
What does ∆G stand for? - correct answer ✔✔standard state free energy
What is calculated by the following equation?
,K = [products] / [reactants] - correct answer ✔✔equilibrium constant
H = U + PV
Describes the energy absorbed/released during the making/breaking of bonds. - correct answer
✔✔Enthalpy (∆H)
∆H describes the energy associated with ______. - correct answer ✔✔bond breakage/dissociation
The term ∆S refers to _____, which is defined as ______. - correct answer ✔✔entropy, number of
available configurations
_______ are dependent only on the total concentration of a solute species. Examples include pressure
lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, and osmotic pressure. - correct answer
✔✔colligative properties
_______ is the phenomena by which H₂O tries to dilute the counterions that are bound to the
macromolecule. This makes the concentration of H₂O higher near the molecule than in the bulk solution.
This results in the property of _____ in which a charged protein or nucleic acid contains an
electrostricted ion-H₂O shell. - correct answer ✔✔Donan effect, electrostriction
colligative properties may also be related
________ defines the concentration dependence of ∆G. One example is that it drives osmotic pressure.
μ = ∆G/∆n = ∆G/(∆cV) - correct answer ✔✔chemical potenial
________ definitions and their equations are used to describe a derivative when one or more other
variables are held constant - correct answer ✔✔partial differentials
∆U = q + w
, where ∆U refers to the _____ of a ______, as contributed to by ______ (q) and work (w). The amount of
energy it takes to go from one state to another.
ΔU = TΔS + uΔn - PΔV - correct answer ✔✔internal energy, system, heat
_____ (___) has the dimensions of energy and can be used to calculate ______ using the following
equation:
¹/₂ KbT, where Kb = 1.381x10^-23 JK^-1 - correct answer ✔✔Boltzman's contant (Kb), degrees of freedom
Q = Σj cj = Σj exp (-ΔGj/RT) describes _______, which is the ratio of concentrations of a compound in a
mixture of two immiscible phases at equilibrium. This ratio is therefore a measure of the difference in
solubility of the compound in these two phases.
Example of this is dissolving benzene in H₂O (Csw) vs. oil (Cso) or the difference between an AA presence
in water or benzene to determine its hydrophobicity/philicity - correct answer ✔✔partition coefficient
d ln Keq / d (1/T) = -ΔH°/R
ln Keq = -∆H/RT + ∆S/R
The above equations are the _______, which is used to create a _____ by plotting ln Keq vs. 1/T.
Ultimately, ____ is calculated using the slope (∆H/R). - correct answer ✔✔Van't Hoff equation, Arrhenius
plot, ∆H
_____ is measured by _____ calorimetry, during which a _____ is produced by plotting d(# bonds)/dT vs.
T. - correct answer ✔✔heat capacity, differential scanning, calorimetry peak
k = A exp(-Eact/RT) is ________, which describes how the _______ is related to temperature. - correct
answer ✔✔Arrhenius equation, rate constant (k)
