PPCT Exam Questions + Answers Graded A+

what are the three mental states during combat - ️️~Combat Anxiety - prior, anticipation of danger ~Survival Stress - during, deadly force threat perception initiates SNS discharge ~Combat Stress - post event mental/physiological symptoms that are a result of the SNS activation and the sudden return to the PNS. "PNS Backlash" What is the inverted U - ️️~Examines the optimal heart rate zone for optimal performance. ~As arousal increases so will motor performance to a point, if arousal too high performance decreases ~Moderate (Optimally Aroused) = Maximum Performance autonomic nervous system (ANS) is divided into two parts what are they? - ️️~Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS) "Flight & Fight" - activates for stressful situation ~Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS) "Rest & Digest" - operates in mainly a quiet, non-stressful condition What does tunnel vision do to your peripheral field? - ️️Reduction up to 70% of peripheral field what are the three basic motor skills? - ️️~Fine Motor Skills - 115BPM, fine motor skills - report writing, survival reloading ~Complex Motor Skills - 145BPM, involve series of muscle groups, precision, tracking timing ~Gross Motor Skills - skills involve large muscle groups, straight punch, increases in effectiveness as SNS activated heart rate increases What is the optimal performance heart rate? - ️️115/145 BPM parasympathetic nervous system - ️️~Perception that the threat has diminished, injury, trauma to a vital system, or exhaustion of the aerobic/anaerobic systems ~After SNS is activated situations can occur that cause the body to experience these "backlash" triggers What is critical incident amnesia? - ️️A form of temporary amnesia occurs (subsequent) after SNS mass discharge, which includes the release of the stress hormone cortisolWhat is the ATP/PC system - ️️~Small energy bundles stored in the muscles, used during high energy and strength activities ~100% Performance lasts 10-15 seconds. Drops to 45% within 30 seconds What is the lactic acid system? - ️️Once ATP/PC system is depleted LAS will act as afterburner fuel, 45 seconds intermediate strength and endurance What is the importance of nutrition and hydration? - ️️Protein SNS Activation and Combat Performance - ️️~Vision - Tunnel vision, near vision, focus, depth perception ~Motor Skills - Fine, Complex, Gross, Inverted-U Law ~Cognitive Abilities - Senses, Memory, Catastrophe Theory, Hypervigilance What are the three components of PPCT Acceptability? - ️️~Tactical ~Legal ~Medical What are the research components to accept PPCT Acceptability? - ️️~Hick's Law, a motor learning and reaction time principle ~Reaction time increases by approximately 150 milliseconds when technique increases from 1 to 2 What are the 2 theories of control? - ️️~Total Control - associated with training system, centered on use of intermediate weapons (baton/Taser/chemical) ~One-Plus-One - it the most conservative use of force theory. One level of force higher What are the 6 levels of resistance? - ️️~Psychological Intimidation blank stare, clenching fist, tightening of muscles ~Verbal Noncompliance - verbal responses indicating subject's unwillingness to comply ~Passive Resistance - dead weight, does not comply to verbal commands ~Defensive Resistance - subject attempts to prevent from gaining control, pulls away ~Active Aggression - physical actions/assault on officer ~Deadly Force Assault - force may cause serious bodily injury or death What are the 6 Levels of Control - ️️~Officer Presence - authority of officer ~Verbal Directions - commands of direction/orders ~Soft Empty Hand Control - pressure points, little to no potential of forming injury ~Hard Empty Hand Control -capable of causing bruising/injury, shoulder pin restraint ~Intermediate Weapon - Taser, chemical/oc spray, flashlight ~Deadly Force what is Pain compliance - ️️Use of stimulus pain to control resistive behaviorwhat are stunning techniques - ️️Stimulation of overwhelming sensory input that is sudden, intense and unexpected What are the most prominent strikes - ️️Brachial Stun, Suprascapular Stun, Angle/Knee kick to the subjects thigh What are some distraction techniques - ️️Use of control techniques that weaken motor action by changing the thought process What is balance displacement? - ️️Use of control techniques that displace balance through the principles of leverage What is motor dysfunction? - ️️Control striking technique that overstimulates motor nerves, resulting in temporary muscle impairment What is the reactionary gap? - ️️~Minimum safe zone that an officer should maintain when dealing with others. ~Minimum safe distance is at least 6 feet what are the 2 types of tactical reactionary options? - ️️~Penetrate - the reactionary gap ~Disengage - employ techniques that are designed to be used on the edge of gap What is ideal relative positioning - ️️Good Interview Position - Level I , in-front of subject at angled position Escort Position - Level II ½ , behind subject at angled position. Bad Inside Position - directly in-front of subject Level II - directly on side of subject Level III - directly behind subject What are the three different types of subjects? - ️️~Totally Cooperative - most common type of subject, subject complies ~Potentially Uncooperative - most dangerous type of subject, Intoxicated/Experienced Criminal ~Totally Uncooperative - don't attempt to handcuff until subject is under control