HYDRAULICS ENGINEERING MIDTERM 1
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is hydraulics engineering?
the design of pipelines, water distribution systems, and drainage facilities
What are examples of structures designed by hydraulics engineers?
dams
levees
culverts for runoff
Why is pressure an important factor of water delivery?
-too much pressure results in a main break
-if pressure is too low, water can't make it up to the 3rd floor of a building
What are the hydraulic processes?
pipe flow
open-channel flow
groundwater flow (artesian well)
What are the differences between pipe flow and open channel flow?
-pressure cannot be changed in open channel flow. Pipe flow provides the
condition for pressurized flow.
-The driving force for open channel flow is is gravity
-drinking water uses pressurized flow and wastewater uses gravity flow
What is hydrology?
the prediction and management of water in both underground and above-ground
resources
What are underground water resources?
aquifers
What are above ground water resources?
,lakes
rivers
streams
What is hydraulics?
an applied science and engineering dealing with the mechanical properties of
liquids
-the design of pipelines, water distribution systems, and drainage facilities
What are considerations to make when performing a hydraulic design?
safety level you want to achieve
-need this to calculate the peak flow rate
pipe size
material
slope
What are the subcategories of water resource management?
water supply management
water excess management
environmental restoration
What studies/majors apply to water resource management?
biological sciences
engineering
physical sciences
social sciences
What are examples of biological sciences that relate to water resource
management?
ecology
marine science
plant science
What are examples of engineering that relate to water resource management?
civil
environmental
mechanical
, What are examples of physical sciences that relate to water resource
management?
chemistry
geology
physics
What are examples of social sciences that relate to water resource management?
geography
history
law
What are qualitative dimension descriptions?
identify the nature or type of the characteristics of fluid flow
-ex: the flow is rapid
What are quantitative dimension descriptions?
requires a number and standard by which various quantities can be compared (a
numerical measure of the characteristics: units)
-ex: the water is moving at a velocity of 5 m/s
What are examples of primary quantities?
length (L)
mass (M)
time (t)
temperature (theta)
What are secondary quantities? Examples?
quantities that can be represented by basic dimensions
-ex: V = L/T (velocity = distance/time)
What is dimensional homogenity?
the dimensions on the left side of the equation must be the same as those on the
right, and all additive separate terms must have the same dimensions
What are British Gravitational (BG) system units?
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
What is hydraulics engineering?
the design of pipelines, water distribution systems, and drainage facilities
What are examples of structures designed by hydraulics engineers?
dams
levees
culverts for runoff
Why is pressure an important factor of water delivery?
-too much pressure results in a main break
-if pressure is too low, water can't make it up to the 3rd floor of a building
What are the hydraulic processes?
pipe flow
open-channel flow
groundwater flow (artesian well)
What are the differences between pipe flow and open channel flow?
-pressure cannot be changed in open channel flow. Pipe flow provides the
condition for pressurized flow.
-The driving force for open channel flow is is gravity
-drinking water uses pressurized flow and wastewater uses gravity flow
What is hydrology?
the prediction and management of water in both underground and above-ground
resources
What are underground water resources?
aquifers
What are above ground water resources?
,lakes
rivers
streams
What is hydraulics?
an applied science and engineering dealing with the mechanical properties of
liquids
-the design of pipelines, water distribution systems, and drainage facilities
What are considerations to make when performing a hydraulic design?
safety level you want to achieve
-need this to calculate the peak flow rate
pipe size
material
slope
What are the subcategories of water resource management?
water supply management
water excess management
environmental restoration
What studies/majors apply to water resource management?
biological sciences
engineering
physical sciences
social sciences
What are examples of biological sciences that relate to water resource
management?
ecology
marine science
plant science
What are examples of engineering that relate to water resource management?
civil
environmental
mechanical
, What are examples of physical sciences that relate to water resource
management?
chemistry
geology
physics
What are examples of social sciences that relate to water resource management?
geography
history
law
What are qualitative dimension descriptions?
identify the nature or type of the characteristics of fluid flow
-ex: the flow is rapid
What are quantitative dimension descriptions?
requires a number and standard by which various quantities can be compared (a
numerical measure of the characteristics: units)
-ex: the water is moving at a velocity of 5 m/s
What are examples of primary quantities?
length (L)
mass (M)
time (t)
temperature (theta)
What are secondary quantities? Examples?
quantities that can be represented by basic dimensions
-ex: V = L/T (velocity = distance/time)
What is dimensional homogenity?
the dimensions on the left side of the equation must be the same as those on the
right, and all additive separate terms must have the same dimensions
What are British Gravitational (BG) system units?
