NURS 215 Respiratory Exam With Complete Solution
In what ways does the respiratory drive for a patient with Emphysema compare to that
of a Healthy person? - ANSWER Healthy- Drive is based on build up of CO2
Emphysema- Drive is based on lack of O2
Chronic Bronchitis
What is it
what causes it -ANSWER Irreversible destructive changes to the bronchi resulting from
constant irritation
*Cough lasts 3 months for 2 consecutive years
90% from cigarette smoke
Chronic Bronchitis Tree - ANSWER Chronic irritation and inflammation of bronchi
Fibrosis (Scaring) and thickening of the bronchial walls
Increased number and size of Goblet cells
Increased mucus secretion/Decreased ciliary function
*Obstruction to airflow and clearing of secretions
Mucus plug and further obstruction of airflow
SEVER hypoxemia
Chronic Bronchitis manifestations - ANSWER *Constant productive cough
Secondary polycythemia
purulent(bacterial filled), thick secretions NASTY
*Rhonchi- Wet breath sounds that clear w/cough
hypoxia/hypercapnia much more sever than w/emphysema
,cyanosis / Blue Boater
Chronic Bronchitis
*Pulmonary hypertension - ANSWER Chronic/severe hypoxemia - pulmonary vessels are
over worked-pulmonary undergo remodeling which includes thickening of side vessel
walls -elevated pulmonary artery pressure- pulmonary hypertension
Chronic Bronchitis
*Cor Pulmonale (right ventricular enlargement) - ANSWER increased pressure in
pulmonary vessels - right ventricle enlarges to overcome increased pressure OR right
heart failure
Chronic Bronchitis
*Acute respiratory failure - ANSWER The worst that can happen. Lungs unable to
exchange gases
Chronic bronchitis S/S - ANSWER *Long term productive cough
Breath sounds= Rhonchi
worse hypoxemia
blue boater
*Cardiac involvement
Epiglottitis
What is it
Patho
Result
Warning sign - ANSWER a swelling of the larynx and epiglottis which obstructs the
airway
, infection with the bacteria H. Influenzae B / viral causes, inhalation of heat
Rapid development of sore throat *stridor
ndifficultly swallowing
Stridor - ANSWER High pitched whistling due to narrowing airway
Flu
what is it
patho
virus causes
result - ANSWER a viral infection that may effect the upper and lower respiratory tracks
infection with infulenza ABC spread by:
1. direct contact
2. contact with contaminated objects
3. inhalation
incubation 1-4 days
inflammation and necrosis of tissues leaves the area vulnerable to secondary infection
with bacteria
* Rapid onset of fever, fatigue, fatigue, aching, HA, non-productive cough nausea
Flu Iso Precautions - ANSWER Droplet -
Mask
Gloves
Eye
Flu what's the worst that can happen? - ANSWER Pneumonia
In what ways does the respiratory drive for a patient with Emphysema compare to that
of a Healthy person? - ANSWER Healthy- Drive is based on build up of CO2
Emphysema- Drive is based on lack of O2
Chronic Bronchitis
What is it
what causes it -ANSWER Irreversible destructive changes to the bronchi resulting from
constant irritation
*Cough lasts 3 months for 2 consecutive years
90% from cigarette smoke
Chronic Bronchitis Tree - ANSWER Chronic irritation and inflammation of bronchi
Fibrosis (Scaring) and thickening of the bronchial walls
Increased number and size of Goblet cells
Increased mucus secretion/Decreased ciliary function
*Obstruction to airflow and clearing of secretions
Mucus plug and further obstruction of airflow
SEVER hypoxemia
Chronic Bronchitis manifestations - ANSWER *Constant productive cough
Secondary polycythemia
purulent(bacterial filled), thick secretions NASTY
*Rhonchi- Wet breath sounds that clear w/cough
hypoxia/hypercapnia much more sever than w/emphysema
,cyanosis / Blue Boater
Chronic Bronchitis
*Pulmonary hypertension - ANSWER Chronic/severe hypoxemia - pulmonary vessels are
over worked-pulmonary undergo remodeling which includes thickening of side vessel
walls -elevated pulmonary artery pressure- pulmonary hypertension
Chronic Bronchitis
*Cor Pulmonale (right ventricular enlargement) - ANSWER increased pressure in
pulmonary vessels - right ventricle enlarges to overcome increased pressure OR right
heart failure
Chronic Bronchitis
*Acute respiratory failure - ANSWER The worst that can happen. Lungs unable to
exchange gases
Chronic bronchitis S/S - ANSWER *Long term productive cough
Breath sounds= Rhonchi
worse hypoxemia
blue boater
*Cardiac involvement
Epiglottitis
What is it
Patho
Result
Warning sign - ANSWER a swelling of the larynx and epiglottis which obstructs the
airway
, infection with the bacteria H. Influenzae B / viral causes, inhalation of heat
Rapid development of sore throat *stridor
ndifficultly swallowing
Stridor - ANSWER High pitched whistling due to narrowing airway
Flu
what is it
patho
virus causes
result - ANSWER a viral infection that may effect the upper and lower respiratory tracks
infection with infulenza ABC spread by:
1. direct contact
2. contact with contaminated objects
3. inhalation
incubation 1-4 days
inflammation and necrosis of tissues leaves the area vulnerable to secondary infection
with bacteria
* Rapid onset of fever, fatigue, fatigue, aching, HA, non-productive cough nausea
Flu Iso Precautions - ANSWER Droplet -
Mask
Gloves
Eye
Flu what's the worst that can happen? - ANSWER Pneumonia
