CSCI 1301 Final Exam 2024-2025
Computer systems - ANSWER comprise hardware and software
program - ANSWER a collection of instructions for the computer to execute
software - ANSWER all the various types of programs which are used to instruct the
computer
CPU (processor) - ANSWER the device inside your computer which executes a
program's instructions
memory - ANSWER retains data for the computer to process, and retains the result of
the computer's interim calculations
main memory (RAM) - ANSWER volatile memory that holds the current program and
much of the data that program is manipulating; 100,000x faster than auxiliary memory;
auxiliary memory (secondary memory) - ANSWER non-volatile memory that continues to
exist when the computer's power is off.
byte - ANSWER smallest addressable unit of memory; made up of 8 bits
memory location - ANSWER address of adjacent bytes
operating system - ANSWER a supervisory program that oversees the entire operation
of the computer
,high-level languages - ANSWER must be translated into a language that the computer
hardware can understand; typically easy to understand and write; (ex: Java)
machine language - ANSWER the language that the computer can directly understand
assembly language - ANSWER a symbolic form of machine language that is easier for
people to read
low-level languages - ANSWER only needs minor translation before it can be run on the
computer
compiler - ANSWER a program that translates a high-level language to a low-level
language;
Java compiler - ANSWER translates the Java language, high-level, into Java bytecode,
low-level
Java bytecode - ANSWER a 'machine language' for a hypothetical virtual computer
known as the Java Virtual Machine
Java Virtual Machine (JVM) - ANSWER an interpreter that translates the Java bytecode
into machine language and executes the code
class loader - ANSWER loads the bytecode of different classes together
applets - ANSWER small programs intended to be delivered to some other location on
the Internet and executed there
statements - ANSWER the commands inside of a method that accomplish some sort of
activity and comprise the body of a method
, variables ANSWER used in a program to store data such as numbers and letters:
assigned a memory location
data type ANSWER specifies a set of possible values and the operations defined for
those values
syntax ANSWER the grammatical rules for writing computer languages
value ANSWER the number, letter or other data item inside a variable
variable declaration ANSWER includes a type name, & a variable name, and ends with a
semicolon;
primitive type ANSWER variables of this type are more simple than objects, and hold
data of several specified types
byte (type) ANSWER Primitive type:
Integer
-128 to 127
[1 byte]
short (type) ANSWER Primitive type:
Integer
-32,768 to 32,767
[2 bytes]
int (type) ANSWER Primitive type:
Integer
-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
Computer systems - ANSWER comprise hardware and software
program - ANSWER a collection of instructions for the computer to execute
software - ANSWER all the various types of programs which are used to instruct the
computer
CPU (processor) - ANSWER the device inside your computer which executes a
program's instructions
memory - ANSWER retains data for the computer to process, and retains the result of
the computer's interim calculations
main memory (RAM) - ANSWER volatile memory that holds the current program and
much of the data that program is manipulating; 100,000x faster than auxiliary memory;
auxiliary memory (secondary memory) - ANSWER non-volatile memory that continues to
exist when the computer's power is off.
byte - ANSWER smallest addressable unit of memory; made up of 8 bits
memory location - ANSWER address of adjacent bytes
operating system - ANSWER a supervisory program that oversees the entire operation
of the computer
,high-level languages - ANSWER must be translated into a language that the computer
hardware can understand; typically easy to understand and write; (ex: Java)
machine language - ANSWER the language that the computer can directly understand
assembly language - ANSWER a symbolic form of machine language that is easier for
people to read
low-level languages - ANSWER only needs minor translation before it can be run on the
computer
compiler - ANSWER a program that translates a high-level language to a low-level
language;
Java compiler - ANSWER translates the Java language, high-level, into Java bytecode,
low-level
Java bytecode - ANSWER a 'machine language' for a hypothetical virtual computer
known as the Java Virtual Machine
Java Virtual Machine (JVM) - ANSWER an interpreter that translates the Java bytecode
into machine language and executes the code
class loader - ANSWER loads the bytecode of different classes together
applets - ANSWER small programs intended to be delivered to some other location on
the Internet and executed there
statements - ANSWER the commands inside of a method that accomplish some sort of
activity and comprise the body of a method
, variables ANSWER used in a program to store data such as numbers and letters:
assigned a memory location
data type ANSWER specifies a set of possible values and the operations defined for
those values
syntax ANSWER the grammatical rules for writing computer languages
value ANSWER the number, letter or other data item inside a variable
variable declaration ANSWER includes a type name, & a variable name, and ends with a
semicolon;
primitive type ANSWER variables of this type are more simple than objects, and hold
data of several specified types
byte (type) ANSWER Primitive type:
Integer
-128 to 127
[1 byte]
short (type) ANSWER Primitive type:
Integer
-32,768 to 32,767
[2 bytes]
int (type) ANSWER Primitive type:
Integer
-2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
