NURS218 Exam 3 Questions And 100% Correct Answers
Psychological dependence - ANSWER feelings of satisfaction and pleasure from taking
a drug
Intoxication - ANSWER symptoms caused by recent ingestion of a substance
physical dependence - ANSWER physiological adaption to a chronic use of a substance
withdrawal - ANSWER unpleasant symptoms that occur when the drug is stopped, its
actions antagonized, or dosage is decreased
tolerance - ANSWER when increasing doses are required to obtain psychological
effects or avoid physical withdrawal symptoms
Characteristics of Substance Abuse and Dependence - ANSWER -all ages
-abuses one drug means possible abuse of others
-smoking/inhaling is the preferred route
-inject drug users are at risk for hepatitis & HIV
Substance Abuse - ANSWER DEFINITION: self administration for long periods/in
excessive amounts, physical dependence, and/or impairs body organ functions
ETIOLOGY: genetics, personality characteristics
PATHPHYS: activate the pleasure or reward system in the brain
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: vary by abuse
Major goals of treatment for substance abuse - ANSWER detoxification, initiation of
abstinence, and prevention of relapse
, Disulfiram (Antabuse) - ANSWER ACTION: causes irreversible inhibition of aldehyde
dehydrogenase
USE: to maintain abstinance
ADVERSE EFFECTS: nausea, copious vomiting, headache
Flumazenil (Romazicon) - ANSWER ACTION: competes at benzodiazepine receptors
USE: reversal of benzodiazepine receptors (benzo overdose)
ADVERSE EFFECTS: acute withdrawal symptoms such as agitation, confusion, seizures
BBW
Bupropion (Zyban) - ANSWER ACTION: norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor
(NDRI)
USE: major depression, smoking cessation
ADVERSE EFFECTS: headache, trouble sleeping, agitation
Alcohol - ANSWER EFFECTS: enhances GABA, or inhibits glutamate. causes impaired
thinking, judgement, and coordination
WITHDRAWAL: anxiety, depression, headache, tremor, hallucinations, seizures.
Delirium Tremors are the most severe form of alc. withdrawal.
TREATMENT: psychological counseling, self-help groups, naltrexone, disolfram. benzos
could be used
Benzodiazepines - ANSWER EFFECTS: enhances GABA, sedation
WITHDRAWAL: respiratory depression & coma, feelings of anxiety
TREATMENTS: Flumazonil
Opioids - ANSWER EFFECTS: respiratory depression, hypoglycemia
WITHDRAWAL: agitation, usual withdrawal symptoms
TREATMENTS: naloxone (acute), methadone (to maintain abstinence)
Psychological dependence - ANSWER feelings of satisfaction and pleasure from taking
a drug
Intoxication - ANSWER symptoms caused by recent ingestion of a substance
physical dependence - ANSWER physiological adaption to a chronic use of a substance
withdrawal - ANSWER unpleasant symptoms that occur when the drug is stopped, its
actions antagonized, or dosage is decreased
tolerance - ANSWER when increasing doses are required to obtain psychological
effects or avoid physical withdrawal symptoms
Characteristics of Substance Abuse and Dependence - ANSWER -all ages
-abuses one drug means possible abuse of others
-smoking/inhaling is the preferred route
-inject drug users are at risk for hepatitis & HIV
Substance Abuse - ANSWER DEFINITION: self administration for long periods/in
excessive amounts, physical dependence, and/or impairs body organ functions
ETIOLOGY: genetics, personality characteristics
PATHPHYS: activate the pleasure or reward system in the brain
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: vary by abuse
Major goals of treatment for substance abuse - ANSWER detoxification, initiation of
abstinence, and prevention of relapse
, Disulfiram (Antabuse) - ANSWER ACTION: causes irreversible inhibition of aldehyde
dehydrogenase
USE: to maintain abstinance
ADVERSE EFFECTS: nausea, copious vomiting, headache
Flumazenil (Romazicon) - ANSWER ACTION: competes at benzodiazepine receptors
USE: reversal of benzodiazepine receptors (benzo overdose)
ADVERSE EFFECTS: acute withdrawal symptoms such as agitation, confusion, seizures
BBW
Bupropion (Zyban) - ANSWER ACTION: norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor
(NDRI)
USE: major depression, smoking cessation
ADVERSE EFFECTS: headache, trouble sleeping, agitation
Alcohol - ANSWER EFFECTS: enhances GABA, or inhibits glutamate. causes impaired
thinking, judgement, and coordination
WITHDRAWAL: anxiety, depression, headache, tremor, hallucinations, seizures.
Delirium Tremors are the most severe form of alc. withdrawal.
TREATMENT: psychological counseling, self-help groups, naltrexone, disolfram. benzos
could be used
Benzodiazepines - ANSWER EFFECTS: enhances GABA, sedation
WITHDRAWAL: respiratory depression & coma, feelings of anxiety
TREATMENTS: Flumazonil
Opioids - ANSWER EFFECTS: respiratory depression, hypoglycemia
WITHDRAWAL: agitation, usual withdrawal symptoms
TREATMENTS: naloxone (acute), methadone (to maintain abstinence)
