Bio 240: midterm #2 || WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
Plasma membrane correct answers All cells are bounded by what?
Plasma membrane correct answers the membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a
selective barrier, regulating the cells chemical composition
Prokaryotic cells correct answers Cells that lack nuclei and other membrane-enclosed
organelles
Eukaryotic cells correct answers Cells that have internal membranes that
compartmentalizations cellular functions
Catabolic pathway correct answers A metabolic pathway that releases energy along down
complex molecules to simpler molecules
Anabolic pathway correct answers A metabolic pathway that consumes energy to synthesize
a complex molecule from simpler molecules
Cellular respiration correct answers The catabolic pathways that break down organic
molecules (glucose) and use an electron transport chain for the production of ATP
Catabolic pathway correct answers What type of metabolic pathway is cellular respiration?
ATP correct answers Cells break down glucose and other organic fuels to yield chemical
energy in the form of what?
Energy correct answers The capacity to cause change; work
Kinetic energy correct answers energy of motion
Thermal energy correct answers Heat energy
Heat correct answers Thermal energy in transfer between objects
Potential energy correct answers stored energy
Chemical energy correct answers Energy stored in chemical bonds
energy cannot be created or destroyed correct answers What is the first law of
thermodynamics?
every energy transfer increases the entropy of the universe correct answers What is the
second law of thermodynamics?
Spontaneous correct answers A process that occurs without an input of energy; a process that
is energetically favorable
nonspontaneous correct answers A process that requires an input of energy; a process that is
energetically unfavorable
, Energy and entropy correct answers What determines spontaneity?
Exergonic reaction correct answers A spontaneous chemical reaction where energy is
released
Endergonic reaction correct answers A non spontaneous chemical reaction in which energy is
absorbed
Chemical work correct answers Type of cellular work that pushes endergonic reactions
Transport work correct answers Type of cellular work that pumps substances against the
direction of spontaneous movement
Mechanical work correct answers Type of cellular work such as the contraction of muscle
cells
Energy coupling correct answers In cellular metabolism, the use of energy released from an
exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction
ATP correct answers What are energy coupling cells mediated by?
ATP correct answers A substance that releases energy when it's phosphate bonds are
hydrolyzed; this energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells
ATP correct answers What releases energy that drives endergonic reactions in cells?
ATP synthase correct answers A complex of several membrane proteins that functions in
chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains, using the energy of proton
concentration gradient to make ATP; they are found in the inner mitochondrial membranes of
eukaryotic cells and in the plasma membranes of prokaryotes.
Inner mitochondrial membranes correct answers Where is ATP synthase found in eukaryotic
cells?
Plasma membranes correct answers Where is ATP synthase found in prokaryotic cells?
Hydrolysis correct answers In ATP, how can the bonds between phosphate groups be broken?
Phosphorylation correct answers The transferring of a phosphate group to another molecule
Phosphorylation intermediate correct answers A molecule with a phosphate group covalently
bonded to it,making it more reactive (less stable) than the unphosphorylated molecule.
Catalyst correct answers A chemical agent that selectively increases the rate of the reaction
without being consumed by the reaction
Enzyme correct answers A macromolecule serving as a catalyst; most are proteins
No correct answers Do enzymes effect the free energy?
Plasma membrane correct answers All cells are bounded by what?
Plasma membrane correct answers the membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a
selective barrier, regulating the cells chemical composition
Prokaryotic cells correct answers Cells that lack nuclei and other membrane-enclosed
organelles
Eukaryotic cells correct answers Cells that have internal membranes that
compartmentalizations cellular functions
Catabolic pathway correct answers A metabolic pathway that releases energy along down
complex molecules to simpler molecules
Anabolic pathway correct answers A metabolic pathway that consumes energy to synthesize
a complex molecule from simpler molecules
Cellular respiration correct answers The catabolic pathways that break down organic
molecules (glucose) and use an electron transport chain for the production of ATP
Catabolic pathway correct answers What type of metabolic pathway is cellular respiration?
ATP correct answers Cells break down glucose and other organic fuels to yield chemical
energy in the form of what?
Energy correct answers The capacity to cause change; work
Kinetic energy correct answers energy of motion
Thermal energy correct answers Heat energy
Heat correct answers Thermal energy in transfer between objects
Potential energy correct answers stored energy
Chemical energy correct answers Energy stored in chemical bonds
energy cannot be created or destroyed correct answers What is the first law of
thermodynamics?
every energy transfer increases the entropy of the universe correct answers What is the
second law of thermodynamics?
Spontaneous correct answers A process that occurs without an input of energy; a process that
is energetically favorable
nonspontaneous correct answers A process that requires an input of energy; a process that is
energetically unfavorable
, Energy and entropy correct answers What determines spontaneity?
Exergonic reaction correct answers A spontaneous chemical reaction where energy is
released
Endergonic reaction correct answers A non spontaneous chemical reaction in which energy is
absorbed
Chemical work correct answers Type of cellular work that pushes endergonic reactions
Transport work correct answers Type of cellular work that pumps substances against the
direction of spontaneous movement
Mechanical work correct answers Type of cellular work such as the contraction of muscle
cells
Energy coupling correct answers In cellular metabolism, the use of energy released from an
exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction
ATP correct answers What are energy coupling cells mediated by?
ATP correct answers A substance that releases energy when it's phosphate bonds are
hydrolyzed; this energy is used to drive endergonic reactions in cells
ATP correct answers What releases energy that drives endergonic reactions in cells?
ATP synthase correct answers A complex of several membrane proteins that functions in
chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains, using the energy of proton
concentration gradient to make ATP; they are found in the inner mitochondrial membranes of
eukaryotic cells and in the plasma membranes of prokaryotes.
Inner mitochondrial membranes correct answers Where is ATP synthase found in eukaryotic
cells?
Plasma membranes correct answers Where is ATP synthase found in prokaryotic cells?
Hydrolysis correct answers In ATP, how can the bonds between phosphate groups be broken?
Phosphorylation correct answers The transferring of a phosphate group to another molecule
Phosphorylation intermediate correct answers A molecule with a phosphate group covalently
bonded to it,making it more reactive (less stable) than the unphosphorylated molecule.
Catalyst correct answers A chemical agent that selectively increases the rate of the reaction
without being consumed by the reaction
Enzyme correct answers A macromolecule serving as a catalyst; most are proteins
No correct answers Do enzymes effect the free energy?
