Test Bank Solution Manual for Blood Banking Reagents Already Passed

Test Bank Solution Manual for Blood Banking Reagents Already Passed Reagent RBCs - Answers commercially prepared known source of Ag Patient or Donor RBCs - Answers usually an unknown source of Ag RBCs are tessted w/ commercial antisera to determine Ag ID Reagent antisera - Answers commercially prepared known source of Ab Pt or Donor Serum or Plasma - Answers usually unknown serum or plasma is tested w/ commerical RBCs to determine ID of Ab or Abs ABO/D typing (forward grouping) - Answers Detects A, B, and D Ags Source of Ag: pt RBC Source Ab: Commercial ABO serum testing (reverse grouping) - Answers Detects ABO Abs Source of Ag: reverse grouping cells (A1 and B) Source of Ab: pts serum/plasma Ab Screen - Answers detects Abs with specificity to RBC Ags Source of Ag: screening cells Source of Ab: pts serum/plasma Ab ID - Answers ID specificity of RBC Abs Source of Ag: Panel cells Source of Ab: pt serum/plasma Crossmatch - Answers determines serologic compatibility btwn donor and pt before transfusion Source of Ag: Donor RBCs Source of Ab: pt serum or plasma 4 Basic Categories of Reagents - Answers RBCs with known Ags Antisera w/ known Abs Antiglobulin reagents: anti-IgG and or complement Potentiators to enhance Abs Reagent Regulation - Answers FDA's criteria: Reagents must meet minimum standards before being licensed Specificity: recognition of the antigenic determinant and its corresponding Ab Potency: strength of the reaxn Polyclonal Abs - Answers Made from several different clones of B cells that secrete antibodies of different specificities Recognize multiple epitopes Example: antihuman globulin (AHG) Monoclonal antibodies - Answers Made from single clones of B cells that secrete antibodies of the same specificity Use hybridoma- a hybrid cell formed by the fusion of a myeloma cell and an antibody-producing cell; it is used in the production of monoclonal antibodies. technology Recognize a single epitope Examples: anti-A, anti-c, and anti-IgG antibodies ABO Typing - Answers Anti-A and anti-B reagents are used to determine the ABO blood type Both antisera are directed toward specific antigens on the patient's RBCs Anti-A: directed toward A antigen Anti-B: directed toward B antigen ABO Typing (cont'd) - Answers Reagents are formulated to give a strong reaction (3+ to 4+) Testing is performed in the immediate-spin (IS) phase Confirmation testing should check for expected ABO antibodies D Antigen Typing - Answers most important because of increased immunogenicity requires that all blood samples be typed for the D antigen D Antigen Typing Procedure - Answers Commercial anti-D is combined with the patient and donor RBCs. Agglutination indicates the presence of the D antigen; no agglutination indicates the absence of the D antigen. A negative reagent control ensures that a false-positive result has not occurred. High Protein Anti-D Reagents - Answers Contain polyclonal antibodies Approximately 20% bovine albumin Promote false-positive agglutination Low-Protein Reagents - Answers Contain monoclonal antibodies (IgM) or monoclonal and polyclonal blends Approximately 6% bovine albumin Have replaced high-protein reagents A1 and B Cells (cont'd) - Answers Can be from a single donor or a pool of donors Resuspended to a 2% to 5% concentration Negative for Rh antigens (D, C, and E) Should not be used if red cells darken, agglutinate in the vial, or show hemolysis Screening Cells - Answers Screening cells are used in antibody screen (detection) tests for unexpected antibodies Available in sets of 2 or 3 vials