NURS 368 Exam 3 New Material With Complete
Solution A+ Graded
Genotype vs phenotype-Define and differentiate - ANSWER Genotype is a person's
genetic makeup, phenotype is the way those genes are expressed
What is a genetic carrier? - ANSWER A person who carries only one recessive gene and
thus it is not expressed but only carried and can be passed on to the next generation
What does the term X-linked genetic inheritance mean? -ANETHER It simply means the
trait is tagged on to the X chromosome and not on the Y chromosome. This may either be
recessive or dominant, but either of the two will become dominant in the male inheriting
the trait from his mother since there is no counterpart on the Y chromosome. A female
will only be a carrier if she has a recessive gene but will present the trait if she has a
dominant gene.
What is the most common genetic problem in pregnancy? Example? -ANSWER
Abnormal number of chromosomes. Example: trisomy 21 --> 3 copies of chromosome 21
--> Downs Syndrome
What is Klinefelter Syndrome? S&S? -ANSWER Sex chromosome abnormality in which
the baby receives 2 X chromosome and 1 Y
S&S: Lower IQ, delayed language development, behavior problems, long limbs, small
gonads (testes), breast development, female pubic hair
Turner Syndrome? S&S? - ANSWER Female born with only one X chromosome
S&S: Short in stature, no ovary development, heart and kidney anomalies, webbed neck,
XY females and XX males --> define - ANSWER XY females look and have the physical
structures of a female despite male chromosomes
, XX males are similar to Klinefelter males in appearance and do not produce sperm
name 4 prenatal genetic tests-ANSWER Chorionic villi sampling
Genetic ultrasound
Genetic amniocentesis
Triple or Quad screen-key test in these is the alpha-fetoprotein test
What is bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and what is it a complication of in the neonate?
-ANSWER Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is the stiffening of the alveoli so that they
cannot inflate. This is a complication of respiratory distress syndrome due to insufficient
surfactant. **A worry for preterm babies
How do we treat respiratory distress syndrome in the neonate? - ANSWER Tis: Artificial
surfactant replacement given thru endotracheal tube + CPAP (continuous positive
airway pressure) or intubation for ventilation. Maintain temp, monitor BP, perfusion and
blood gases
Why can't the preterm neonate maintain body temperature? - ANSWER Higher
proportionate body surface area, no ability to shiver or sweat and less brown fat
What is the first line treatment for patent ductus arteriosus in the premature infant? -
ANSWER Indomethacin or ibuprofen given to close the ductus. Otherwise surgery
What are three common metabolic imbalances in premature infants? - ANSWER
Dehydration, glucose and calcium imbalances -high insensible losses + poor kidney
function
What neurological complication are premature infants at high risk for? What nursing
actions are taken to prevent? - ANSWER Intraventricular hemorrhage - bleeding into the
ventricles of the brain. Premature infants require special handling/turning protocols to
prevent bleeding
Solution A+ Graded
Genotype vs phenotype-Define and differentiate - ANSWER Genotype is a person's
genetic makeup, phenotype is the way those genes are expressed
What is a genetic carrier? - ANSWER A person who carries only one recessive gene and
thus it is not expressed but only carried and can be passed on to the next generation
What does the term X-linked genetic inheritance mean? -ANETHER It simply means the
trait is tagged on to the X chromosome and not on the Y chromosome. This may either be
recessive or dominant, but either of the two will become dominant in the male inheriting
the trait from his mother since there is no counterpart on the Y chromosome. A female
will only be a carrier if she has a recessive gene but will present the trait if she has a
dominant gene.
What is the most common genetic problem in pregnancy? Example? -ANSWER
Abnormal number of chromosomes. Example: trisomy 21 --> 3 copies of chromosome 21
--> Downs Syndrome
What is Klinefelter Syndrome? S&S? -ANSWER Sex chromosome abnormality in which
the baby receives 2 X chromosome and 1 Y
S&S: Lower IQ, delayed language development, behavior problems, long limbs, small
gonads (testes), breast development, female pubic hair
Turner Syndrome? S&S? - ANSWER Female born with only one X chromosome
S&S: Short in stature, no ovary development, heart and kidney anomalies, webbed neck,
XY females and XX males --> define - ANSWER XY females look and have the physical
structures of a female despite male chromosomes
, XX males are similar to Klinefelter males in appearance and do not produce sperm
name 4 prenatal genetic tests-ANSWER Chorionic villi sampling
Genetic ultrasound
Genetic amniocentesis
Triple or Quad screen-key test in these is the alpha-fetoprotein test
What is bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and what is it a complication of in the neonate?
-ANSWER Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is the stiffening of the alveoli so that they
cannot inflate. This is a complication of respiratory distress syndrome due to insufficient
surfactant. **A worry for preterm babies
How do we treat respiratory distress syndrome in the neonate? - ANSWER Tis: Artificial
surfactant replacement given thru endotracheal tube + CPAP (continuous positive
airway pressure) or intubation for ventilation. Maintain temp, monitor BP, perfusion and
blood gases
Why can't the preterm neonate maintain body temperature? - ANSWER Higher
proportionate body surface area, no ability to shiver or sweat and less brown fat
What is the first line treatment for patent ductus arteriosus in the premature infant? -
ANSWER Indomethacin or ibuprofen given to close the ductus. Otherwise surgery
What are three common metabolic imbalances in premature infants? - ANSWER
Dehydration, glucose and calcium imbalances -high insensible losses + poor kidney
function
What neurological complication are premature infants at high risk for? What nursing
actions are taken to prevent? - ANSWER Intraventricular hemorrhage - bleeding into the
ventricles of the brain. Premature infants require special handling/turning protocols to
prevent bleeding
