CMN 571 Module 3
primary prevention - answer preventing dz before it happens; ID and modify RF
primary - answer what type of prevention is exercise encouragement and cessation of
smoking?
secondary prevention – answer ID early dz
secondary - answer what type of prevention is CA screening, polypectomy
tertiary prevention - answertreating complications of dz or limiting impact of est dz
tertiary - answerwhat type of prevention are these - excision procedures for early stage
CA
CVD - answerwhat is leading cause of death in women? and men
adverse pregnancy outcomes, primary ovarian insufficiency, early menopause,
comorbidities - answerwhat are some sex-spec RF for women for CVD?
Framingham Risk Calculator - answertool that est 10 year risk of coronary heart dz in
women, based on age, smoking status, BP, cholesterol
Pooled Cohort Equation - answertool that predicts 10 yr risk of ASCVD that includes
race/ethnicity
CA - answerwhat is second leading cause of death in females?
1. lung, 2. breast, 3. colorectal - answerwhat are top three CA-related deaths in females
breast - answermost commonly detected non-skin CA in women
breast CA - answerwhat are these RF for?
- inc age
- fam hx
- inc alcohol intake
- denser breasts
- overweight
- dec physical activity
- no kids/o breastfeeding
- DES and radiation exposure
, - genetics (BRCA 1 and 2)
optional 40-44yo, annually 45-54yo, can move to q2yr at 55 yo
screening should cont as long as woman in good health and expected to live 10 yr -
answerwhen should women start mammograms? how long should screening cont?
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) and aromatase inhibitors -
answerwhat is primary prevention/chemoprevention options for breast CA in high risk
pt?
start at 45yo for people at avg risk and screen through 75yo if in good health, personal
preference from 76-85 yo, no screening after 85yo; screenings are stool-based test or
exam - if any abnormal results then colonoscopy - answerwhat are rec for colorectal CA
screening? what are screeings?
lung CA - answerwhat is leading cause of CA mortality in men and women?
low dose CT scan for people who are 55-74yo who are in fairly good health and
currently smoke or quit within past 15 years AND have at least 30 pack/year smoking hx
- answerwhat is screening rec for lung CA?
ovarian CA - answerrare CA that is often detected late; screening not rec
protective factors - FT pregnancy, breastfeeding, PO birth control
cervical CA; HPV - answer3rd most common GYN CA and cause of GYN mortality;
what is biggest RF?
women 21-29yo with pap q3yr, then 30-65yo with pap q3yr OR HPV q5yr OR co-test
q5yr - answerwhen is screening rec for cervical CA? how often? what is used to
screen?
women <21yo, women who have had hysterectomy, and women older than 65yo who
have had normal screens with no hx of cervical changes (either x3 negative paps, or x2
negative HPV or co- tests in a row within past ten years and most recent test within 3 yr)
- answerwhen do women NOT need cervical CA screening?
hip and vertebral fx - answerwhat type of fx a/w premature mortality?
bone mineral density (BMD); normal is no lower than 1.0 SD below mean, osteopenia is
b/w 1.0-2.5, osteoporosis is >2.5, and severe osteo is >3.5; routine BMDs at 65 yo -
answerhow to assess risk for osteoporosis? what are normal levels? when is routine
screening rec?
Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) - answertool used to predict 10 yr risk fr any
osteoporotic fx and hip fx; can be used with or without BMD
primary prevention - answer preventing dz before it happens; ID and modify RF
primary - answer what type of prevention is exercise encouragement and cessation of
smoking?
secondary prevention – answer ID early dz
secondary - answer what type of prevention is CA screening, polypectomy
tertiary prevention - answertreating complications of dz or limiting impact of est dz
tertiary - answerwhat type of prevention are these - excision procedures for early stage
CA
CVD - answerwhat is leading cause of death in women? and men
adverse pregnancy outcomes, primary ovarian insufficiency, early menopause,
comorbidities - answerwhat are some sex-spec RF for women for CVD?
Framingham Risk Calculator - answertool that est 10 year risk of coronary heart dz in
women, based on age, smoking status, BP, cholesterol
Pooled Cohort Equation - answertool that predicts 10 yr risk of ASCVD that includes
race/ethnicity
CA - answerwhat is second leading cause of death in females?
1. lung, 2. breast, 3. colorectal - answerwhat are top three CA-related deaths in females
breast - answermost commonly detected non-skin CA in women
breast CA - answerwhat are these RF for?
- inc age
- fam hx
- inc alcohol intake
- denser breasts
- overweight
- dec physical activity
- no kids/o breastfeeding
- DES and radiation exposure
, - genetics (BRCA 1 and 2)
optional 40-44yo, annually 45-54yo, can move to q2yr at 55 yo
screening should cont as long as woman in good health and expected to live 10 yr -
answerwhen should women start mammograms? how long should screening cont?
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) and aromatase inhibitors -
answerwhat is primary prevention/chemoprevention options for breast CA in high risk
pt?
start at 45yo for people at avg risk and screen through 75yo if in good health, personal
preference from 76-85 yo, no screening after 85yo; screenings are stool-based test or
exam - if any abnormal results then colonoscopy - answerwhat are rec for colorectal CA
screening? what are screeings?
lung CA - answerwhat is leading cause of CA mortality in men and women?
low dose CT scan for people who are 55-74yo who are in fairly good health and
currently smoke or quit within past 15 years AND have at least 30 pack/year smoking hx
- answerwhat is screening rec for lung CA?
ovarian CA - answerrare CA that is often detected late; screening not rec
protective factors - FT pregnancy, breastfeeding, PO birth control
cervical CA; HPV - answer3rd most common GYN CA and cause of GYN mortality;
what is biggest RF?
women 21-29yo with pap q3yr, then 30-65yo with pap q3yr OR HPV q5yr OR co-test
q5yr - answerwhen is screening rec for cervical CA? how often? what is used to
screen?
women <21yo, women who have had hysterectomy, and women older than 65yo who
have had normal screens with no hx of cervical changes (either x3 negative paps, or x2
negative HPV or co- tests in a row within past ten years and most recent test within 3 yr)
- answerwhen do women NOT need cervical CA screening?
hip and vertebral fx - answerwhat type of fx a/w premature mortality?
bone mineral density (BMD); normal is no lower than 1.0 SD below mean, osteopenia is
b/w 1.0-2.5, osteoporosis is >2.5, and severe osteo is >3.5; routine BMDs at 65 yo -
answerhow to assess risk for osteoporosis? what are normal levels? when is routine
screening rec?
Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) - answertool used to predict 10 yr risk fr any
osteoporotic fx and hip fx; can be used with or without BMD
