NNP BOARDS REVIEW – RESPIRATORY
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS [ GRADED A+]
what is respiratory distress? - ✔✔trouble breathing
grunting, flaring, retractions, decreased breath sounds, pallor, rales, bronchi
***IDENTIFY THESE SIGNS AND DEVELOP THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREAT THE
PATIENT
what are some examples of pulmonary causes for respiratory distress in
neonates? - ✔✔TTN
RDS
Pneumonia
Air leaks
,BPD
Aspiration
PPHN
CDH
pulmonary hemorrhage
agenesis/hypoplasia
effusions
also referred to as retained fetal lung fluid - ✔✔TTN
risk factors for TTN? - ✔✔precipitous delivery
c section without labor
male (esp caucasian)
macrosomia
maternal sedation
prolonged labor
birth asphyxia
,maternal fluid overload
breech
fetal polycythemia
IDM
late preterm
is TTN the same as amniotic fluid aspiration? - ✔✔NO!
very different patho, the composition of amniotic fluid is different than fetal lung
fluid
the fetus does not adequately clear the lungs of fetal lung fluid - ✔✔TTN
TTN clinical presentation? - ✔✔unlabored tachypnea lasting longer than 6 hours
(BUT RESOLVES WITHIN 72 HOURS)
tachycardia with normal BP
barrel chest appearance
may have cyanosis
, benign, self-limited condition that can present in infants of any gestational age
shortly after birth; It is caused by a delay in the clearance of fetal lung fluid after
birth, which leads to ineffective gas exchange, respiratory distress, and tachypnea
- ✔✔TTN
explain the ENaC channels and how this effects TTN - ✔✔TTN is caused by
INCOMPLETE activation of ENaC channels
**ENaC channels need to be activated for the Na and H20 to move out of the
lungs
**Prior to onset of labor, lung epithelium goes from secretary to resorptive
through activation of the ENaC channels at surface of type II cells which causes
active transport of Na out of lung cells into interstitial and allows H20 to follow Na
out of the airway lumen
**Sodium in the alveolus is transported passively across the ENaC proteins which
in turn is actively transported back to the interstitium by the Na+/K+-ATPase
pump.
QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT
ANSWERS [ GRADED A+]
what is respiratory distress? - ✔✔trouble breathing
grunting, flaring, retractions, decreased breath sounds, pallor, rales, bronchi
***IDENTIFY THESE SIGNS AND DEVELOP THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREAT THE
PATIENT
what are some examples of pulmonary causes for respiratory distress in
neonates? - ✔✔TTN
RDS
Pneumonia
Air leaks
,BPD
Aspiration
PPHN
CDH
pulmonary hemorrhage
agenesis/hypoplasia
effusions
also referred to as retained fetal lung fluid - ✔✔TTN
risk factors for TTN? - ✔✔precipitous delivery
c section without labor
male (esp caucasian)
macrosomia
maternal sedation
prolonged labor
birth asphyxia
,maternal fluid overload
breech
fetal polycythemia
IDM
late preterm
is TTN the same as amniotic fluid aspiration? - ✔✔NO!
very different patho, the composition of amniotic fluid is different than fetal lung
fluid
the fetus does not adequately clear the lungs of fetal lung fluid - ✔✔TTN
TTN clinical presentation? - ✔✔unlabored tachypnea lasting longer than 6 hours
(BUT RESOLVES WITHIN 72 HOURS)
tachycardia with normal BP
barrel chest appearance
may have cyanosis
, benign, self-limited condition that can present in infants of any gestational age
shortly after birth; It is caused by a delay in the clearance of fetal lung fluid after
birth, which leads to ineffective gas exchange, respiratory distress, and tachypnea
- ✔✔TTN
explain the ENaC channels and how this effects TTN - ✔✔TTN is caused by
INCOMPLETE activation of ENaC channels
**ENaC channels need to be activated for the Na and H20 to move out of the
lungs
**Prior to onset of labor, lung epithelium goes from secretary to resorptive
through activation of the ENaC channels at surface of type II cells which causes
active transport of Na out of lung cells into interstitial and allows H20 to follow Na
out of the airway lumen
**Sodium in the alveolus is transported passively across the ENaC proteins which
in turn is actively transported back to the interstitium by the Na+/K+-ATPase
pump.
