NU 407: exam 2 Questions & Answers
100% Correct!!
what is the small intestine primarily responsible for? - ANSWERabsorption
functions of the digestive tract - ANSWER-Breakdown of food for digestion
-Absorption into the bloodstream of small nutrient molecules produced by digestion
-Elimination of undigested unabsorbed foodstuffs and other waste products
what vitamins do the liver store? - ANSWERA, D, E, K, B12, iron, copper
-what do they do
digestion - ANSWERbegins with the act of chewing, in which food is broken down into small particles
that can be swallowed and mixed with digestive enzymes
absorption - ANSWERAbsorption is the major function of the small intestine. Vitamins and minerals
absorbed are essentially unchanged. Absorption begins in the jejunum and is accomplished by active
transport and diffusion across the intestinal wall into the circulation
elimination - ANSWERphase of the digestive process that occurs after digestion and absorption when
waste products are eliminated from the body
chewing and swallowing - ANSWERsaliva, salivary amylase
gastric function - ANSWERhydrochloric acid, pepsin, intrinsic factor
small intestine function - ANSWERamylase, lipase, trypsin, bile
health history of GI: assessment - ANSWERInformation about abdominal pain, dyspepsia, gas, nausea
and vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, fecal incontinence, jaundice, and previous GI disease is
obtained
-table 38-3
pain of GI: assessment - ANSWERCharacter, duration, pattern, frequency, location, distribution of
referred abdominal pain, and time of the pain vary greatly depending on the underlying cause
common sites for referred pain - ANSWERChest, ribs, upper trap, shoulder, thoracic spine
Shoulder pain can radiate along the medial aspect of the arm.
dyspepsia - ANSWERindigestion; difficult digestion
dyspepsia is the most common... - ANSWERsymptom of patients with GI disfunction
,intestinal gas - ANSWERBloating, distention, or feeling "full of gas" with excessive flatulence as a
symptom of food intolerance or gallbladder disease
nausea and vomiting - ANSWERNausea is a vague, uncomfortable sensation of sickness or
"queasiness" that may or may not be followed by vomiting
change in bowel habits and stool characteristics - ANSWER-May signal colonic dysfunction or disease
-Constipation, diarrhea
assessment of GI: past health, family, and social history - ANSWEROral care and dental visits
Lesions in mouth
Discomfort with certain foods
Use of alcohol and tobacco
Dentures
physical assessment: oral cavity - ANSWERLips
Gums
Tongue
abdominal assessment; four quadrants method - ANSWERInspection
Auscultation
Percussion
Palpation
diagnostic tests of the GI system - ANSWERSerum laboratory studies
Stool tests
Breath tests
Abdominal ultrasonography
-gallbladder
-appendix
-pancreas
Genetic testing
-lactose intolerance
-colon screening
normal level of amylase - ANSWER23-85
levels of amylase that indicate pancreatic damage - ANSWER>450
normal lipase level - ANSWER0-160
levels of lipase that indicate pancreatic damage - ANSWER>400
,liver function test - ANSWERtable 43-1 pg. 1370
imaging studies of GI - ANSWER-CT
-PET
-MRI
GI motility studies - ANSWER-lower GI tract study
-upper GI tract study
endoscopic procedures - ANSWER-EGD
-colonoscopy
-anoscopy, proctoscopy, and sigmoidoscopy
gastroscopy - ANSWER-use mouth guard to protect patient's teeth
-put them on a little oxygen
-stay NPO until gag reflex
meds to be given for gag reflex - ANSWER-glucagon
-atropine
colonoscopy - ANSWER-patient's should start getting screened at 45
-this and mammograms are the two best preventative measures
-clear liquid diet, drink the laxative water and it will clean the colon out
-watch patients with diabetes for blood sugar
-patient will come in dehydrated
-lay in the left lateral position
-need someone to drive them home
-perforated bowel is the most serious complication of this procedure
General Nursing Interventions for GI Diagnostic Tests - ANSWERProviding needed information about
the test and the activities required Providing instructions about post procedure care and activity
restrictions
Providing health information and procedural education to patients and significant others
Helping the patient cope with discomfort and alleviating anxiety
Informing the primary provider of known medical conditions or abnormal laboratory values that may
affect the procedure
Assessing for adequate hydration before, during, and immediately after the procedure, and
providing education about maintenance of hydration
treatment of digestive and GI dysfunctions (student objectives) - ANSWERDescribe the purposes and
types of enteral and parenteral nutrition access devices.
, Identify the purposes, indications for, and administration techniques of enteral and parenteral
nutrition formulas.
Discuss nursing management of the patient with an enteral feeding tube, stomal tube, or
intravenous catheter.
Explain the nursing measures used to prevent complications from enteral and parenteral nutrition
support.
-ch. 39 (pg. 1244-1249)
delivering nutrition enterally - ANSWERMeet nutritional requirements when oral intake is inadequate
or not possible, and the GI tract is functioning (Refer to Table 39-2)
-Advantages
Safe and cost effective
Preserve GI integrity
Preserve the normal sequence of intestinal and hepatic metabolism
Maintain fat metabolism and lipoprotein synthesis
Maintain normal insulin and glucagon ratios
administering tube feedings - ANSWERDependent on location
Patient education and preparation
Tube insertion
Confirming placement
Clearing tube obstruction
Monitoring the patient
Maintaining tube function
Oral and nasal care
Monitoring, preventing, and managing complications
Tube removal
assessment of the patient who is receiving enteral feeding - ANSWERTube placement
Patient's ability to tolerate formula and amount
Clinical response
Signs of dehydration
Elevated blood glucose level, decreased urinary output, sudden weight gain, and periorbital or
dependent edema
Signs of infection
Check gastric residual volume
100% Correct!!
what is the small intestine primarily responsible for? - ANSWERabsorption
functions of the digestive tract - ANSWER-Breakdown of food for digestion
-Absorption into the bloodstream of small nutrient molecules produced by digestion
-Elimination of undigested unabsorbed foodstuffs and other waste products
what vitamins do the liver store? - ANSWERA, D, E, K, B12, iron, copper
-what do they do
digestion - ANSWERbegins with the act of chewing, in which food is broken down into small particles
that can be swallowed and mixed with digestive enzymes
absorption - ANSWERAbsorption is the major function of the small intestine. Vitamins and minerals
absorbed are essentially unchanged. Absorption begins in the jejunum and is accomplished by active
transport and diffusion across the intestinal wall into the circulation
elimination - ANSWERphase of the digestive process that occurs after digestion and absorption when
waste products are eliminated from the body
chewing and swallowing - ANSWERsaliva, salivary amylase
gastric function - ANSWERhydrochloric acid, pepsin, intrinsic factor
small intestine function - ANSWERamylase, lipase, trypsin, bile
health history of GI: assessment - ANSWERInformation about abdominal pain, dyspepsia, gas, nausea
and vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, fecal incontinence, jaundice, and previous GI disease is
obtained
-table 38-3
pain of GI: assessment - ANSWERCharacter, duration, pattern, frequency, location, distribution of
referred abdominal pain, and time of the pain vary greatly depending on the underlying cause
common sites for referred pain - ANSWERChest, ribs, upper trap, shoulder, thoracic spine
Shoulder pain can radiate along the medial aspect of the arm.
dyspepsia - ANSWERindigestion; difficult digestion
dyspepsia is the most common... - ANSWERsymptom of patients with GI disfunction
,intestinal gas - ANSWERBloating, distention, or feeling "full of gas" with excessive flatulence as a
symptom of food intolerance or gallbladder disease
nausea and vomiting - ANSWERNausea is a vague, uncomfortable sensation of sickness or
"queasiness" that may or may not be followed by vomiting
change in bowel habits and stool characteristics - ANSWER-May signal colonic dysfunction or disease
-Constipation, diarrhea
assessment of GI: past health, family, and social history - ANSWEROral care and dental visits
Lesions in mouth
Discomfort with certain foods
Use of alcohol and tobacco
Dentures
physical assessment: oral cavity - ANSWERLips
Gums
Tongue
abdominal assessment; four quadrants method - ANSWERInspection
Auscultation
Percussion
Palpation
diagnostic tests of the GI system - ANSWERSerum laboratory studies
Stool tests
Breath tests
Abdominal ultrasonography
-gallbladder
-appendix
-pancreas
Genetic testing
-lactose intolerance
-colon screening
normal level of amylase - ANSWER23-85
levels of amylase that indicate pancreatic damage - ANSWER>450
normal lipase level - ANSWER0-160
levels of lipase that indicate pancreatic damage - ANSWER>400
,liver function test - ANSWERtable 43-1 pg. 1370
imaging studies of GI - ANSWER-CT
-PET
-MRI
GI motility studies - ANSWER-lower GI tract study
-upper GI tract study
endoscopic procedures - ANSWER-EGD
-colonoscopy
-anoscopy, proctoscopy, and sigmoidoscopy
gastroscopy - ANSWER-use mouth guard to protect patient's teeth
-put them on a little oxygen
-stay NPO until gag reflex
meds to be given for gag reflex - ANSWER-glucagon
-atropine
colonoscopy - ANSWER-patient's should start getting screened at 45
-this and mammograms are the two best preventative measures
-clear liquid diet, drink the laxative water and it will clean the colon out
-watch patients with diabetes for blood sugar
-patient will come in dehydrated
-lay in the left lateral position
-need someone to drive them home
-perforated bowel is the most serious complication of this procedure
General Nursing Interventions for GI Diagnostic Tests - ANSWERProviding needed information about
the test and the activities required Providing instructions about post procedure care and activity
restrictions
Providing health information and procedural education to patients and significant others
Helping the patient cope with discomfort and alleviating anxiety
Informing the primary provider of known medical conditions or abnormal laboratory values that may
affect the procedure
Assessing for adequate hydration before, during, and immediately after the procedure, and
providing education about maintenance of hydration
treatment of digestive and GI dysfunctions (student objectives) - ANSWERDescribe the purposes and
types of enteral and parenteral nutrition access devices.
, Identify the purposes, indications for, and administration techniques of enteral and parenteral
nutrition formulas.
Discuss nursing management of the patient with an enteral feeding tube, stomal tube, or
intravenous catheter.
Explain the nursing measures used to prevent complications from enteral and parenteral nutrition
support.
-ch. 39 (pg. 1244-1249)
delivering nutrition enterally - ANSWERMeet nutritional requirements when oral intake is inadequate
or not possible, and the GI tract is functioning (Refer to Table 39-2)
-Advantages
Safe and cost effective
Preserve GI integrity
Preserve the normal sequence of intestinal and hepatic metabolism
Maintain fat metabolism and lipoprotein synthesis
Maintain normal insulin and glucagon ratios
administering tube feedings - ANSWERDependent on location
Patient education and preparation
Tube insertion
Confirming placement
Clearing tube obstruction
Monitoring the patient
Maintaining tube function
Oral and nasal care
Monitoring, preventing, and managing complications
Tube removal
assessment of the patient who is receiving enteral feeding - ANSWERTube placement
Patient's ability to tolerate formula and amount
Clinical response
Signs of dehydration
Elevated blood glucose level, decreased urinary output, sudden weight gain, and periorbital or
dependent edema
Signs of infection
Check gastric residual volume
