Pathology Exam 1 and 2 questions with complete solutions
(AKI) is defined by the retention of
A. glucose
B. potassium
C. nitrogenous solutes such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine.
D. magnesium Correct Answer C. nitrogenous solutes such as
urea, uric acid, and creatinine.
16-year-old star female gymnast presents to your office
complaining of fatigue, diffuse weakness, and muscle cramps.
Chief complaint is fatique, diffuse weakness and muscle cramps.
She speaks of no previous medical history. BMI is 17 kg/m?
This 16 year old presents with hypokalemia and metabolic
alkalosis. What is a possible issue
A. excessive use of Lasix
B. hypoactive thyroid
C. high levels of magnesium
D. autosomal recessive disorder Correct Answer A. excessive
use of Lasix
33-year-old man is brought into the emergency department after
he was hit head on by a car while riding his bicycle. He was
thrown from his bike and briefly lost consciousness.
Temperature is 37.2°C(99.0°F), respirations are 32/min, blood
pressure is 90/55 mm Hg, and O2 saturation is 80% on 6 L
ofoxygen nasal cannula. On physical examination the patient is
cold and clammy with distended neckveins. There are numerous
bruises and abrasions on the patient's lower extremities,
abdomen, andchest. There are absent breath sounds over the left
chest. While he is being examined, he becomes unresponsive
,and unarousable. Where is air most likely accumulating in this
patient? 33-year-old man is brought into the emergency
department after he was hit head on by a car whileriding his
bicycle. He was thrown from his bike and briefly lost
consciousness. Temperature is 37.2°C(99.0°F), respirations are
32/min, blood pressure is 90/55 m Correct Answer C. between
the visceral and parietal pleura
A 13-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his mother because
of a 3-day history of vomiting, severe diarrhea, and night
sweats. Further evaluation reveals an estimate of significant loss
of total body water in excess of solute loss. What is the possible
presentation of pathology.
A. edema
B. dehydration
C. decreased sodium levels
D. decreased potassium levels Correct Answer B. dehydration
A 25 year old man presented with anuria and bilateral leg pain
two days after an alcoholic binge. He subsequently developed
rhabdomyolysis with compartment syndrome of both lower legs.
What organs were most severely damaged as a result
Heart
Liver
Pancreas
Kidneys Correct Answer Kidneys
A 35-year-old man is admitted to the hospital after presenting to
the emergency department with hemoptysis, gross hematuria,
and acute kidney injury. He was previously healthy and denies a
prior history of vasculitis. Pulse is 120/min, respirations are
,24/min, blood pressure is 158/92 mm Hg, and oxygen saturation
is 92% on room air. Nasopharyngeal examination is normal, and
his heart sounds are normal without murmur, rubs, or gallop. He
has coarse breath sounds bilaterally. Skin is clear. The patient's
laboratory findings are significant for anemia but are otherwise
normal. His chemistry panels are noteworthy for an elevated
creatinine level of 2.1 mg/dL over a previous baseline of 0.9
mg/dL. The elevated creatinine level of 2.1/mg/di is and
indication of
increased GFR
Normal GFR
Decreased GFR
Increased ejection fraction Correct Answer Decreased GFR
A 43-year-old man comes to the clinic for an annual physical
exam. He drinks 12 cans of beer per day and consumes fast food
two or three days per week. He has smoked two packs of
cigarettes a day for 35 years. He was diagnosed with
Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis 1 year ago and has since
recovered. His father died at the age of 35 years of sudden
cardiac arrest, and his grandmother died of colorectal carcinoma
at the age of 72 years. Which of the following risk factors in this
patient's history is most concerning for malignancy?
A. Alcohol consumption
B. Diet
C. family history
D. Smoking Correct Answer D. Smoking
A 47-year-old woman comes to the clinic with bilateral lower
extremity edema. She is otherwise healthy and not taking any
medications. Physical examination is notable for hypertension,
, normal heart and lungs, and bilateral lower extremity pitting
edema. Laboratory tests reveal hypoalbuminemia and
hypercholesterolemia but normal levels of electrolytes, BUN,
and creatinine. Urinalysis reveals heavy proteinuria but no cells
or casts. Furosemide is prescribed. In addition to treating her
primary renal disease and lowering her proteinuria, which of the
following treatments would be most effective in reducing her
edema?
decreasing her blood pressure
decreasing her serum albumin concentration
increasing renal sodium excretion
increasing her cardiac output Correct Answer increasing renal
sodium excretion
A 47-year-old woman comes to the clinic with bilateral lower
extremity edema. She is otherwise healthy and not taking any
medications. Physical examination is notable for hypertension,
normal heart and lungs, and bilateral lower extremity pitting
edema. Laboratory tests reveal hypoalbuminemia and
hypercholesterolemia but normal levels of electrolytes, BUN,
and creatinine. Urinalysis reveals heavy proteinuria but no cells
or casts. What medication should be prescribe for this patient
A. amoxicillin
B. furosemide
C. vancomvcin
D. increase hypertensive medication dose Correct Answer B.
furosemide
A 52-year-old woman comes to her physician with marked leg
swelling after completing a 2-day bus ride from California to
Chicago to see her son. She has rheumatoid arthritis and only
(AKI) is defined by the retention of
A. glucose
B. potassium
C. nitrogenous solutes such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine.
D. magnesium Correct Answer C. nitrogenous solutes such as
urea, uric acid, and creatinine.
16-year-old star female gymnast presents to your office
complaining of fatigue, diffuse weakness, and muscle cramps.
Chief complaint is fatique, diffuse weakness and muscle cramps.
She speaks of no previous medical history. BMI is 17 kg/m?
This 16 year old presents with hypokalemia and metabolic
alkalosis. What is a possible issue
A. excessive use of Lasix
B. hypoactive thyroid
C. high levels of magnesium
D. autosomal recessive disorder Correct Answer A. excessive
use of Lasix
33-year-old man is brought into the emergency department after
he was hit head on by a car while riding his bicycle. He was
thrown from his bike and briefly lost consciousness.
Temperature is 37.2°C(99.0°F), respirations are 32/min, blood
pressure is 90/55 mm Hg, and O2 saturation is 80% on 6 L
ofoxygen nasal cannula. On physical examination the patient is
cold and clammy with distended neckveins. There are numerous
bruises and abrasions on the patient's lower extremities,
abdomen, andchest. There are absent breath sounds over the left
chest. While he is being examined, he becomes unresponsive
,and unarousable. Where is air most likely accumulating in this
patient? 33-year-old man is brought into the emergency
department after he was hit head on by a car whileriding his
bicycle. He was thrown from his bike and briefly lost
consciousness. Temperature is 37.2°C(99.0°F), respirations are
32/min, blood pressure is 90/55 m Correct Answer C. between
the visceral and parietal pleura
A 13-year-old boy is brought to the clinic by his mother because
of a 3-day history of vomiting, severe diarrhea, and night
sweats. Further evaluation reveals an estimate of significant loss
of total body water in excess of solute loss. What is the possible
presentation of pathology.
A. edema
B. dehydration
C. decreased sodium levels
D. decreased potassium levels Correct Answer B. dehydration
A 25 year old man presented with anuria and bilateral leg pain
two days after an alcoholic binge. He subsequently developed
rhabdomyolysis with compartment syndrome of both lower legs.
What organs were most severely damaged as a result
Heart
Liver
Pancreas
Kidneys Correct Answer Kidneys
A 35-year-old man is admitted to the hospital after presenting to
the emergency department with hemoptysis, gross hematuria,
and acute kidney injury. He was previously healthy and denies a
prior history of vasculitis. Pulse is 120/min, respirations are
,24/min, blood pressure is 158/92 mm Hg, and oxygen saturation
is 92% on room air. Nasopharyngeal examination is normal, and
his heart sounds are normal without murmur, rubs, or gallop. He
has coarse breath sounds bilaterally. Skin is clear. The patient's
laboratory findings are significant for anemia but are otherwise
normal. His chemistry panels are noteworthy for an elevated
creatinine level of 2.1 mg/dL over a previous baseline of 0.9
mg/dL. The elevated creatinine level of 2.1/mg/di is and
indication of
increased GFR
Normal GFR
Decreased GFR
Increased ejection fraction Correct Answer Decreased GFR
A 43-year-old man comes to the clinic for an annual physical
exam. He drinks 12 cans of beer per day and consumes fast food
two or three days per week. He has smoked two packs of
cigarettes a day for 35 years. He was diagnosed with
Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis 1 year ago and has since
recovered. His father died at the age of 35 years of sudden
cardiac arrest, and his grandmother died of colorectal carcinoma
at the age of 72 years. Which of the following risk factors in this
patient's history is most concerning for malignancy?
A. Alcohol consumption
B. Diet
C. family history
D. Smoking Correct Answer D. Smoking
A 47-year-old woman comes to the clinic with bilateral lower
extremity edema. She is otherwise healthy and not taking any
medications. Physical examination is notable for hypertension,
, normal heart and lungs, and bilateral lower extremity pitting
edema. Laboratory tests reveal hypoalbuminemia and
hypercholesterolemia but normal levels of electrolytes, BUN,
and creatinine. Urinalysis reveals heavy proteinuria but no cells
or casts. Furosemide is prescribed. In addition to treating her
primary renal disease and lowering her proteinuria, which of the
following treatments would be most effective in reducing her
edema?
decreasing her blood pressure
decreasing her serum albumin concentration
increasing renal sodium excretion
increasing her cardiac output Correct Answer increasing renal
sodium excretion
A 47-year-old woman comes to the clinic with bilateral lower
extremity edema. She is otherwise healthy and not taking any
medications. Physical examination is notable for hypertension,
normal heart and lungs, and bilateral lower extremity pitting
edema. Laboratory tests reveal hypoalbuminemia and
hypercholesterolemia but normal levels of electrolytes, BUN,
and creatinine. Urinalysis reveals heavy proteinuria but no cells
or casts. What medication should be prescribe for this patient
A. amoxicillin
B. furosemide
C. vancomvcin
D. increase hypertensive medication dose Correct Answer B.
furosemide
A 52-year-old woman comes to her physician with marked leg
swelling after completing a 2-day bus ride from California to
Chicago to see her son. She has rheumatoid arthritis and only
