BIL 150 Chapter 17: Gene Expression: From Gene to
Protein || QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS.
Central Dogma of Biology correct answers DNA-transcription->RNA-translation->protein
Gene expression correct answers The process by which information encoded in DNA directs
the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins and
instead function as RNAs.
Proteins are the link between _________ and ________. correct answers genotype;
phenotype
Nutritional Mutants in Neurospora correct answers Bread mold was exposed to x-rays and
mutants were created. Some of the bread mold could make some proteins and other couldn't
do to the damage. This *provided support for one gene-one protein* hypothesis
Transcription correct answers The synthesis of RNA using information in DNA
What is essentially the bridge between proteins and genes? correct answers RNA
What produces messenger RNA (mRNA)? correct answers Transcription
Translation correct answers The synthesis of a polypeptide, using information in the mRNA
using tRNA and rRNA
Where does translation occur? correct answers Ribosomes
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotic Gene Exression correct answers •In prokaryotes, translation of
mRNA can begin before transcription has finished
•In a eukaryotic cell, the nuclear envelope separates transcription from translation
•Eukaryotic RNA transcripts are modified through RNA processing to yield the finished
mRNA
Primary transcript correct answers The initial mRNA transcript that is transcribed from a
protein coding gene. Also called pre-mRNA.
Codons correct answers A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a
particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
Template strand correct answers The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the
sequence of nucleotides in an mRNA transcript.
Coding strand correct answers tThe strand of DNA that is not used for transcription and is
*identical* in sequence *to mRNA, except it contains uracil instead of thymine*
How many total codons are there? How many code for amino acids? How many code for
"stop" signals? correct answers 64; 61; 3
, The genetic code is redundant. (True/False) correct answers True, more than one codon may
specific the same amino acid. However, they are not ambiguous as each codon is only
associated with one amino acid.
The genetic code is specific to every organism. (True/False) correct answers False, the
genetic code is nearly universal.
RNA polymerase correct answers An enzyme that pries the DNA strands apart and joins
together the RNA nucleotides
Does RNA polymerase require a primer? correct answers No it does not. DNA polymerase
requires a primer.
Transcription steps correct answers 1. *Initiation*:
-*Promoters* signal the transcription *start point*
-*Transcription factors* guide the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of
transcription
-Forms the *transcription initiation complex*
-A promoter called a *TATA box* is crucial in forming the initiation complex in eukaryores
2. *Elognation*:
-The stretch of DNA that is transcribed is called a *transcription unit*
-As the RNA polymerase moves along the RNA, it untwists the double helix
-*Nucleotides are added to the 3' end of the growing RNA molecule*
-Occurs at a rate of 40 nucleotides per second in eukaryotes
-A gene can be transcribed simultaneously by several RNA polymerases
3. *Termination*:
-In bacteria, the polymerase stops transcription at the end of the terminator. No modifications
are made to the mRNA
-In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase II transcribes the polyadenylation signal sequence; the RNA
transcript is released 10-35 nucleotides past this polyadenylation sequence
Promoters correct answers Specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and
begin transcription
Transciption factors correct answers Regulate transcription by binding to promoters and RNA
polymerases
Transcription initiation complex correct answers The completed assembly of transcription
factors and RNA polymerase II bound to a promoter.
TATA box correct answers A promoter DNA sequence crucial in forming the transcription
initiation complex.
Transcription unit correct answers A region of DNA that is transcribed into an RNA
molecule.
Protein || QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT SOLUTIONS.
Central Dogma of Biology correct answers DNA-transcription->RNA-translation->protein
Gene expression correct answers The process by which information encoded in DNA directs
the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, RNAs that are not translated into proteins and
instead function as RNAs.
Proteins are the link between _________ and ________. correct answers genotype;
phenotype
Nutritional Mutants in Neurospora correct answers Bread mold was exposed to x-rays and
mutants were created. Some of the bread mold could make some proteins and other couldn't
do to the damage. This *provided support for one gene-one protein* hypothesis
Transcription correct answers The synthesis of RNA using information in DNA
What is essentially the bridge between proteins and genes? correct answers RNA
What produces messenger RNA (mRNA)? correct answers Transcription
Translation correct answers The synthesis of a polypeptide, using information in the mRNA
using tRNA and rRNA
Where does translation occur? correct answers Ribosomes
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotic Gene Exression correct answers •In prokaryotes, translation of
mRNA can begin before transcription has finished
•In a eukaryotic cell, the nuclear envelope separates transcription from translation
•Eukaryotic RNA transcripts are modified through RNA processing to yield the finished
mRNA
Primary transcript correct answers The initial mRNA transcript that is transcribed from a
protein coding gene. Also called pre-mRNA.
Codons correct answers A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a
particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
Template strand correct answers The DNA strand that provides the template for ordering the
sequence of nucleotides in an mRNA transcript.
Coding strand correct answers tThe strand of DNA that is not used for transcription and is
*identical* in sequence *to mRNA, except it contains uracil instead of thymine*
How many total codons are there? How many code for amino acids? How many code for
"stop" signals? correct answers 64; 61; 3
, The genetic code is redundant. (True/False) correct answers True, more than one codon may
specific the same amino acid. However, they are not ambiguous as each codon is only
associated with one amino acid.
The genetic code is specific to every organism. (True/False) correct answers False, the
genetic code is nearly universal.
RNA polymerase correct answers An enzyme that pries the DNA strands apart and joins
together the RNA nucleotides
Does RNA polymerase require a primer? correct answers No it does not. DNA polymerase
requires a primer.
Transcription steps correct answers 1. *Initiation*:
-*Promoters* signal the transcription *start point*
-*Transcription factors* guide the binding of RNA polymerase and the initiation of
transcription
-Forms the *transcription initiation complex*
-A promoter called a *TATA box* is crucial in forming the initiation complex in eukaryores
2. *Elognation*:
-The stretch of DNA that is transcribed is called a *transcription unit*
-As the RNA polymerase moves along the RNA, it untwists the double helix
-*Nucleotides are added to the 3' end of the growing RNA molecule*
-Occurs at a rate of 40 nucleotides per second in eukaryotes
-A gene can be transcribed simultaneously by several RNA polymerases
3. *Termination*:
-In bacteria, the polymerase stops transcription at the end of the terminator. No modifications
are made to the mRNA
-In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase II transcribes the polyadenylation signal sequence; the RNA
transcript is released 10-35 nucleotides past this polyadenylation sequence
Promoters correct answers Specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and
begin transcription
Transciption factors correct answers Regulate transcription by binding to promoters and RNA
polymerases
Transcription initiation complex correct answers The completed assembly of transcription
factors and RNA polymerase II bound to a promoter.
TATA box correct answers A promoter DNA sequence crucial in forming the transcription
initiation complex.
Transcription unit correct answers A region of DNA that is transcribed into an RNA
molecule.
