HDFS Exam #1
how do we define socialization? - correct answer ✔✔"the processes whereby naïve individuals are
taught the skills, behavior patterns, values, and motivations needed for competent functioning in the
culture which the child is growing up."
John Wesley, the founder of the Methodist Church, advocated frequent use of physical punishment.
What does the Methodist Church say today? - correct answer ✔✔The Methodist Church doesn't support
physical punishment
John Locke's view on children - correct answer ✔✔English physician who believed that children are NOT
innately sinful; "blank slate"; children are rational; parents need to reason with them not punish or
reward; environment plays a role
Rousseau's view of children - correct answer ✔✔Swiss-born Frenchman; published Emile; said that
children aren't rational; think boys and girls need to be raised differently. Girls should be prepared for
motherhood. Boys need to be socialized appropriately so that they can care for and love others. Parents
should refrain from punishment.
Aristotle's view on children - correct answer ✔✔Greek philosopher; woman's role is to produce male
heirs and oversee household; children are blank tablets and the environment is important in helping to
shape children
When did systematic research on child rearing begin? How? - correct answer ✔✔started in 1920's and
focused on parental love and discipline and how that related to child behavior.
How were children perceived during the middle ages? - correct answer ✔✔children were mini-adults
and weren't treated differently nor protected from abuse
how were children perceived during the 16th century? - correct answer ✔✔adult-centered view of
children changed to child-centered view when upper classes saw childhood as a distinct time of life and
when it was important to begin education.
, how were children perceived during the 17th century? - correct answer ✔✔concept of the "natural
child"
how were children perceived during the late 19th century? - correct answer ✔✔a dedicate time period
of childhood in the middle and lower classes
how were children perceived during the early 20th century? - correct answer ✔✔there was a focus on
the psychological child
what are some sources of parenting beliefs? - correct answer ✔✔lay theories, historical context,
religious leaders, philosophers, physicians rise of systematic research, political and social forces, and
media
what are Bradley's 6 fundamental tasks of parenting? - correct answer ✔✔safety&sustenance,
socioemotional support, structuring, stimulating and instructing, monitoring/surveillance, social
connections
How do you evaluate the validity of advice concerning how to rear a child? - correct answer ✔✔you look
at the author's political philosophy, the religious undertones, and if the piece is peer reviewed
define lay theory - correct answer ✔✔informal beliefs about behaviors used in everyday life; no
empirical evidence; reflect core/basic beliefs of individuals within a certain context
scientific theory - correct answer ✔✔a well-tested explanation for a set of observations or experimental
results
examples of family structures - correct answer ✔✔composition and membership of the family; 2
parents, one parent, adoptive parents, trans-racial parents, childless parents, etc.
examples of family demographics - correct answer ✔✔descriptive characteristics; age, gender, income,
level of education, race, religion, etc.
how do we define socialization? - correct answer ✔✔"the processes whereby naïve individuals are
taught the skills, behavior patterns, values, and motivations needed for competent functioning in the
culture which the child is growing up."
John Wesley, the founder of the Methodist Church, advocated frequent use of physical punishment.
What does the Methodist Church say today? - correct answer ✔✔The Methodist Church doesn't support
physical punishment
John Locke's view on children - correct answer ✔✔English physician who believed that children are NOT
innately sinful; "blank slate"; children are rational; parents need to reason with them not punish or
reward; environment plays a role
Rousseau's view of children - correct answer ✔✔Swiss-born Frenchman; published Emile; said that
children aren't rational; think boys and girls need to be raised differently. Girls should be prepared for
motherhood. Boys need to be socialized appropriately so that they can care for and love others. Parents
should refrain from punishment.
Aristotle's view on children - correct answer ✔✔Greek philosopher; woman's role is to produce male
heirs and oversee household; children are blank tablets and the environment is important in helping to
shape children
When did systematic research on child rearing begin? How? - correct answer ✔✔started in 1920's and
focused on parental love and discipline and how that related to child behavior.
How were children perceived during the middle ages? - correct answer ✔✔children were mini-adults
and weren't treated differently nor protected from abuse
how were children perceived during the 16th century? - correct answer ✔✔adult-centered view of
children changed to child-centered view when upper classes saw childhood as a distinct time of life and
when it was important to begin education.
, how were children perceived during the 17th century? - correct answer ✔✔concept of the "natural
child"
how were children perceived during the late 19th century? - correct answer ✔✔a dedicate time period
of childhood in the middle and lower classes
how were children perceived during the early 20th century? - correct answer ✔✔there was a focus on
the psychological child
what are some sources of parenting beliefs? - correct answer ✔✔lay theories, historical context,
religious leaders, philosophers, physicians rise of systematic research, political and social forces, and
media
what are Bradley's 6 fundamental tasks of parenting? - correct answer ✔✔safety&sustenance,
socioemotional support, structuring, stimulating and instructing, monitoring/surveillance, social
connections
How do you evaluate the validity of advice concerning how to rear a child? - correct answer ✔✔you look
at the author's political philosophy, the religious undertones, and if the piece is peer reviewed
define lay theory - correct answer ✔✔informal beliefs about behaviors used in everyday life; no
empirical evidence; reflect core/basic beliefs of individuals within a certain context
scientific theory - correct answer ✔✔a well-tested explanation for a set of observations or experimental
results
examples of family structures - correct answer ✔✔composition and membership of the family; 2
parents, one parent, adoptive parents, trans-racial parents, childless parents, etc.
examples of family demographics - correct answer ✔✔descriptive characteristics; age, gender, income,
level of education, race, religion, etc.
