HDFS 2200 Exam 2
Body growth and change - correct answer ✔✔- The Newborn & Prematurity
- Body Growth in Infancy & Childhood
- Skeletal Growth
- Factors Influencing Growth
- Pubertal Change
- Cardiovascular & Respiratory Changes
- Musculoskeletal Changes
- Reproductive Changes
- Skin Changes
The Apgar Scale - correct answer ✔✔-*A*ctivity - muscle tone
-*P*ulse - heart rate
-*G*rimace - reflex response
-*A*ppearance - color
-*R*espiration - breathing
done first 1 minute after birth, then 5 minutes after birth
Infant Mortality Around the World
As the wealthiest nation in the world, how do you think the U.S. ranks? What is the reason? - correct
answer ✔✔- It rates the *highest* of developed countries in infant mortality
- The primary *reason* is access to care
Low birth weight and disabilities - correct answer ✔✔- Brain development
,➞ the lower the birth weight the increase in disabilities seen, often due to brain development issues.
Birth weight & how it impacts later (adult) health: - correct answer ✔✔- *Low Birth weight*
➞ Heart disease
➞ Stroke
➞ Diabetes
➞ Earlier age of menarche
➞ Lower testicular volume
- *High Birth Weight*
➞ Greater risk of some diseases
--↳ Breast cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and brain tumors are associated with being born larger
Interventions for preterm infants - correct answer ✔✔- Steroids to the Mother/Surfactant to Newborn
- Isolette - video of the embrace product that keeps newborns with low weight warm
- Respirator
- Feeding tube
➞ Cant suck and swallow yet
- Intravenous (IV) nutrition/medication
- Special infant stimulation
➞ Kangaroo care: Near-constant skin-to-skin contact between the mother/father and premature infant
that promotes optimal development for premature infants
*Isolette* - correct answer ✔✔brand of incubator for premature or other newborn infants, providing
controlled temperature, humidity, and oxygen levels ; the video of the embrace product that keeps
newborns with low weight warm
*Kangaroo care* - correct answer ✔✔Near-constant skin-to-skin contact between the mother/father
and premature infant that promotes optimal development for premature infants
,*Infant's body growth* - correct answer ✔✔- Tremendous increases in height and weight
➞ Babies double in weight within the first year, and height increases by 50%
- Girls vs. Boys
➞ Boys are a bit bigger
- Increase in "baby fat" until about 9 months, then get slimmer
Changes in body proportions from birth to adult - correct answer ✔✔- Babies head is 1/4 of their body's
length; which is large in proportion to when we are adults
➞ Reason: the brain takes very long to develop
*Cephalocaudal* - correct answer ✔✔- "Head to tail"
- Head grows *before* lower parts of body
*Proximodistal* - correct answer ✔✔- "Near to far"
- Head, chest, and trunk grow first, followed by extremities
Physical development in *early childhood* - correct answer ✔✔- Body growth slows
➞ Shape becomes more streamlined
Skeletal growth in *early childhood* - correct answer ✔✔Ends of bones are still made of *cartilage*
Body growth in *middle childhood* - correct answer ✔✔- Slow, regular pattern
- Girls v. Boys
- Lower portion of body growing fast
- Bones lengthen/ossify
➞ 300 bones fuse to 206
➞ Muscle mass & strength
➞ Permanent teeth arrive
, *Eruption* - correct answer ✔✔of teeth;
begins in infancy; ends in emerging adulthood
*Loss* - correct answer ✔✔of teeth;
begins in middle childhood; ends in adolescence
*Fontanelles* - correct answer ✔✔- development of skull
- present in newborn
➞ *Purpose*: babies have to squeeze through the birth canal so the skull has to mold to the canal. That
why it is not fused into one bone yet. The brain is still growing so it needs space to grow.
➞ *Closure*: The _________ close/fuse at different time for different people (7-19months).
Nature - Influences on early growth - correct answer ✔✔*Nature*
- Heredity
- Hormone Production
- genetics
- predisposition
nurture - Influences of *early growth* - correct answer ✔✔- Capacity of achieving what your genetics
say you can be is dependent on nurture and environment
➞ Nurture can include things like
--↳ nutrition/malnutrition, (Breast vs. Bottle Feeding)
--↳ illness/immunizations,
--↳ childhood injuries (concern over injuries to the growth-plate),
--↳ and emotional well-being (diagnosis called non-organic failure to thrive).
➞ Problem in emotional well-being can cause Non-organic failure to thrive
*Non-organic failure to thrive* - correct answer ✔✔a disorder in which infants stop growing due to a
lack of stimulation and attention as the result of inadequate parenting
- is done by different stressors which causes stress and strain on a child
Body growth and change - correct answer ✔✔- The Newborn & Prematurity
- Body Growth in Infancy & Childhood
- Skeletal Growth
- Factors Influencing Growth
- Pubertal Change
- Cardiovascular & Respiratory Changes
- Musculoskeletal Changes
- Reproductive Changes
- Skin Changes
The Apgar Scale - correct answer ✔✔-*A*ctivity - muscle tone
-*P*ulse - heart rate
-*G*rimace - reflex response
-*A*ppearance - color
-*R*espiration - breathing
done first 1 minute after birth, then 5 minutes after birth
Infant Mortality Around the World
As the wealthiest nation in the world, how do you think the U.S. ranks? What is the reason? - correct
answer ✔✔- It rates the *highest* of developed countries in infant mortality
- The primary *reason* is access to care
Low birth weight and disabilities - correct answer ✔✔- Brain development
,➞ the lower the birth weight the increase in disabilities seen, often due to brain development issues.
Birth weight & how it impacts later (adult) health: - correct answer ✔✔- *Low Birth weight*
➞ Heart disease
➞ Stroke
➞ Diabetes
➞ Earlier age of menarche
➞ Lower testicular volume
- *High Birth Weight*
➞ Greater risk of some diseases
--↳ Breast cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and brain tumors are associated with being born larger
Interventions for preterm infants - correct answer ✔✔- Steroids to the Mother/Surfactant to Newborn
- Isolette - video of the embrace product that keeps newborns with low weight warm
- Respirator
- Feeding tube
➞ Cant suck and swallow yet
- Intravenous (IV) nutrition/medication
- Special infant stimulation
➞ Kangaroo care: Near-constant skin-to-skin contact between the mother/father and premature infant
that promotes optimal development for premature infants
*Isolette* - correct answer ✔✔brand of incubator for premature or other newborn infants, providing
controlled temperature, humidity, and oxygen levels ; the video of the embrace product that keeps
newborns with low weight warm
*Kangaroo care* - correct answer ✔✔Near-constant skin-to-skin contact between the mother/father
and premature infant that promotes optimal development for premature infants
,*Infant's body growth* - correct answer ✔✔- Tremendous increases in height and weight
➞ Babies double in weight within the first year, and height increases by 50%
- Girls vs. Boys
➞ Boys are a bit bigger
- Increase in "baby fat" until about 9 months, then get slimmer
Changes in body proportions from birth to adult - correct answer ✔✔- Babies head is 1/4 of their body's
length; which is large in proportion to when we are adults
➞ Reason: the brain takes very long to develop
*Cephalocaudal* - correct answer ✔✔- "Head to tail"
- Head grows *before* lower parts of body
*Proximodistal* - correct answer ✔✔- "Near to far"
- Head, chest, and trunk grow first, followed by extremities
Physical development in *early childhood* - correct answer ✔✔- Body growth slows
➞ Shape becomes more streamlined
Skeletal growth in *early childhood* - correct answer ✔✔Ends of bones are still made of *cartilage*
Body growth in *middle childhood* - correct answer ✔✔- Slow, regular pattern
- Girls v. Boys
- Lower portion of body growing fast
- Bones lengthen/ossify
➞ 300 bones fuse to 206
➞ Muscle mass & strength
➞ Permanent teeth arrive
, *Eruption* - correct answer ✔✔of teeth;
begins in infancy; ends in emerging adulthood
*Loss* - correct answer ✔✔of teeth;
begins in middle childhood; ends in adolescence
*Fontanelles* - correct answer ✔✔- development of skull
- present in newborn
➞ *Purpose*: babies have to squeeze through the birth canal so the skull has to mold to the canal. That
why it is not fused into one bone yet. The brain is still growing so it needs space to grow.
➞ *Closure*: The _________ close/fuse at different time for different people (7-19months).
Nature - Influences on early growth - correct answer ✔✔*Nature*
- Heredity
- Hormone Production
- genetics
- predisposition
nurture - Influences of *early growth* - correct answer ✔✔- Capacity of achieving what your genetics
say you can be is dependent on nurture and environment
➞ Nurture can include things like
--↳ nutrition/malnutrition, (Breast vs. Bottle Feeding)
--↳ illness/immunizations,
--↳ childhood injuries (concern over injuries to the growth-plate),
--↳ and emotional well-being (diagnosis called non-organic failure to thrive).
➞ Problem in emotional well-being can cause Non-organic failure to thrive
*Non-organic failure to thrive* - correct answer ✔✔a disorder in which infants stop growing due to a
lack of stimulation and attention as the result of inadequate parenting
- is done by different stressors which causes stress and strain on a child
