HDFS 129 Exam 1, Molly Countermine
Multi-directionality - correct answer ✔✔Development can take many directions.
Differences between individuals become bigger as we get older (babies all look the same); even if you
are on a course, it can drastically change.
Plasticity - correct answer ✔✔The degree to which characteristics can or cannot change throughout the
lifespan.
Varies greatly between individuals, depending on personality and opportunity.
If you have a distinct aspect of personality when you are young, like being really shy, you tend to change
less throughout life.
Contextualism - correct answer ✔✔Development must be studied in various contexts.
Our behavior varies from one context to another.
How we act around our friends vs teachers.
The individual influences the environment just as much as the environment influences the individual.
Reciprocal Influence - correct answer ✔✔Development is an ongoing interaction between a changing
individual and a changing environment.
Every individual influences/ is influenced by other individuals in their environment.
Historical Context - correct answer ✔✔Development must be viewed in terms of the time during which
on lived, we are not very similar to our parents.
We are affected by events and improvements that happen in out lives.
ex: social movements, war, technology, changing opportunities, major historical events.
Multi dimensionality - correct answer ✔✔many intra-individual factors interact to affect development.
Ex: biological, cognitive, physical, social, emotional factors
, Motor Development - correct answer ✔✔cognitive development (mind body connection.
ex: when you learn to walk, the world opens up to you and you are no longer dependent on being
carried; you become in control/ autonomous.
Multi disciplinary - correct answer ✔✔The study of human development should involve collaboration
across various fields of study.
Biology, sociology, pathology, nutrition, kinesiology, anthropology, education.
ex: how does prenatal nutrition affect cognitive development- babies are born prematurely/ at a lower
birth weight are much more at risk for cognitive delay/ non-optimal development.
3 Goals of Scientific Investigation - correct answer ✔✔Science is not defined by what it studies, but by
how it conducts investigation.
Description, Explanation, Optimization.
Description - correct answer ✔✔Average Trends.
Newborns are typically 20" long and weight 7-7.5 lbs; infants fall into attachment categories; adults lose
weight as they age.
Difficult because so many different variables.
Explanation - correct answer ✔✔Why do we develop the way we do?
Newborns above or below average weight can have more problems at birth.
Attachment categories are a result of parenting.
Adults lose muscles as they age, less active, cells become less efficient.
Optimization - correct answer ✔✔How can we help people develop in a positive direction?
How can we stimulate growth in premature infants?
Teach parents what it means to be sensitive.
Cycle of Science - correct answer ✔✔Theory
Hypothesis
Multi-directionality - correct answer ✔✔Development can take many directions.
Differences between individuals become bigger as we get older (babies all look the same); even if you
are on a course, it can drastically change.
Plasticity - correct answer ✔✔The degree to which characteristics can or cannot change throughout the
lifespan.
Varies greatly between individuals, depending on personality and opportunity.
If you have a distinct aspect of personality when you are young, like being really shy, you tend to change
less throughout life.
Contextualism - correct answer ✔✔Development must be studied in various contexts.
Our behavior varies from one context to another.
How we act around our friends vs teachers.
The individual influences the environment just as much as the environment influences the individual.
Reciprocal Influence - correct answer ✔✔Development is an ongoing interaction between a changing
individual and a changing environment.
Every individual influences/ is influenced by other individuals in their environment.
Historical Context - correct answer ✔✔Development must be viewed in terms of the time during which
on lived, we are not very similar to our parents.
We are affected by events and improvements that happen in out lives.
ex: social movements, war, technology, changing opportunities, major historical events.
Multi dimensionality - correct answer ✔✔many intra-individual factors interact to affect development.
Ex: biological, cognitive, physical, social, emotional factors
, Motor Development - correct answer ✔✔cognitive development (mind body connection.
ex: when you learn to walk, the world opens up to you and you are no longer dependent on being
carried; you become in control/ autonomous.
Multi disciplinary - correct answer ✔✔The study of human development should involve collaboration
across various fields of study.
Biology, sociology, pathology, nutrition, kinesiology, anthropology, education.
ex: how does prenatal nutrition affect cognitive development- babies are born prematurely/ at a lower
birth weight are much more at risk for cognitive delay/ non-optimal development.
3 Goals of Scientific Investigation - correct answer ✔✔Science is not defined by what it studies, but by
how it conducts investigation.
Description, Explanation, Optimization.
Description - correct answer ✔✔Average Trends.
Newborns are typically 20" long and weight 7-7.5 lbs; infants fall into attachment categories; adults lose
weight as they age.
Difficult because so many different variables.
Explanation - correct answer ✔✔Why do we develop the way we do?
Newborns above or below average weight can have more problems at birth.
Attachment categories are a result of parenting.
Adults lose muscles as they age, less active, cells become less efficient.
Optimization - correct answer ✔✔How can we help people develop in a positive direction?
How can we stimulate growth in premature infants?
Teach parents what it means to be sensitive.
Cycle of Science - correct answer ✔✔Theory
Hypothesis
