MEDSCI 142 Cardiovascular Exam With Verified Answers
Pulmonary circuit - ANS The part of cardiovascular system between RA and RV and LV
and LA via the lungs Smaller circuit of medium pressure and low blood volume (9%)
Systemic circuit - ANS Part of cardiovascular system between LV and LA and RA and RV
via various body systems including the gut, liver, kidneys, brain and limbs. Large circuit
of high blood volume (84%) and high pressure
Artery- ANSWER A vessel which takes blood away from the heart
Vein- ANSWER A vessel which takes bloody towards the heart
Portal vein- ANSWER A vessel which takes blood from a system to another system
Dual supply- ANSWER When a system is supplied by two major vessels eg: liver being
supplied by hepatic portal vein from gut and hepatic artery from heart.
Ventricle ANSWER Strong and high pressure generating bottom chambers of the heart.
Receive blood from the atrium and pump blood via the pulmonary trunk and aorta
through the pulmonary and systemic circuit, respectively
Atrium ANSWER The superior chambers of the heart receive blood from the veins: Vena
Cava and pulmonary. It pumps blood into the ventricles. Pump at Low Pressure
Filling phase ANSWER Blood flow into the ventricle
Ejection phase - ANS Blood flows out of the ventricle
, Auricle - ANS Appendage attached to the atria in order to increase their capacity.
Vena cava - ANS Veins bringing blood to the right atrium from the systemic circuit.
Comprised of superior and inferior
Pulmonary trunk - ANS Large vessel carrying blood from right ventricle to the lungs.
Splits into left and right pulmonary arteries
Inter-ventricular sulcus - ANSWER Groove which separates the ventricle externally.
Runs both anteriorly and superiorly
Aorta - ANSWER Large vessel carrying blood away from the left ventricle into the
systemic circuit
Peak pressures - ANSWER The maximum pressure generated by each chamber of the
heart. For RA,RV,LA,LV these are 5,27,8 and 120 mmHg respectively
Tricuspid valve - ANS Valve of three flaps between the RA and RV to prevent blood flow
back into the RA as the RV contracts
Bicuspid/mitral valve - ANS Valve of two flaps between the LA and LV to prevent blood
flow back into the LA as the LV contracts
Chordae tendineae - ANS Tendinous cords, made of white connective tissue connecting
the flaps of inlet valves to papillary muscles
Papillary muscles - ANSWER Muscles attached to free flaps of inlet valves via chordae
tendineae to prevent them from inverting upon ventricular ejection
Aortic valve - ANSWER Semilunar valve between left ventricle and aorta to prevent
blood flow back into the ventricle
Pulmonary circuit - ANS The part of cardiovascular system between RA and RV and LV
and LA via the lungs Smaller circuit of medium pressure and low blood volume (9%)
Systemic circuit - ANS Part of cardiovascular system between LV and LA and RA and RV
via various body systems including the gut, liver, kidneys, brain and limbs. Large circuit
of high blood volume (84%) and high pressure
Artery- ANSWER A vessel which takes blood away from the heart
Vein- ANSWER A vessel which takes bloody towards the heart
Portal vein- ANSWER A vessel which takes blood from a system to another system
Dual supply- ANSWER When a system is supplied by two major vessels eg: liver being
supplied by hepatic portal vein from gut and hepatic artery from heart.
Ventricle ANSWER Strong and high pressure generating bottom chambers of the heart.
Receive blood from the atrium and pump blood via the pulmonary trunk and aorta
through the pulmonary and systemic circuit, respectively
Atrium ANSWER The superior chambers of the heart receive blood from the veins: Vena
Cava and pulmonary. It pumps blood into the ventricles. Pump at Low Pressure
Filling phase ANSWER Blood flow into the ventricle
Ejection phase - ANS Blood flows out of the ventricle
, Auricle - ANS Appendage attached to the atria in order to increase their capacity.
Vena cava - ANS Veins bringing blood to the right atrium from the systemic circuit.
Comprised of superior and inferior
Pulmonary trunk - ANS Large vessel carrying blood from right ventricle to the lungs.
Splits into left and right pulmonary arteries
Inter-ventricular sulcus - ANSWER Groove which separates the ventricle externally.
Runs both anteriorly and superiorly
Aorta - ANSWER Large vessel carrying blood away from the left ventricle into the
systemic circuit
Peak pressures - ANSWER The maximum pressure generated by each chamber of the
heart. For RA,RV,LA,LV these are 5,27,8 and 120 mmHg respectively
Tricuspid valve - ANS Valve of three flaps between the RA and RV to prevent blood flow
back into the RA as the RV contracts
Bicuspid/mitral valve - ANS Valve of two flaps between the LA and LV to prevent blood
flow back into the LA as the LV contracts
Chordae tendineae - ANS Tendinous cords, made of white connective tissue connecting
the flaps of inlet valves to papillary muscles
Papillary muscles - ANSWER Muscles attached to free flaps of inlet valves via chordae
tendineae to prevent them from inverting upon ventricular ejection
Aortic valve - ANSWER Semilunar valve between left ventricle and aorta to prevent
blood flow back into the ventricle
