latest Version (2024/2025)
what is science? what are the 4 features of the scientific method? - ✔✔-empirical
-deterministic
-predictive
-parsimonious
what does it mean for science to be empirical? - ✔✔based on data
what does it mean for science to be deterministic? - ✔✔obeys physical laws
what does it mean for science to be predictive? - ✔✔if you do this.... then that will happen
what does it mean for science to be parsimonious? - ✔✔uses the simplest explanation
possible
how many semitones are in one octave? - ✔✔12 semitones
how much sampling is enough? - ✔✔sample at 2x the rate of the highest frequency (e.g.
data up to 5 kHz = sample at 10 kHz, data up to 100 Hz = sample at 200 Hz)
what is the Nyquist frequency? - ✔✔half the sample rate
if you want to go up one octave, you ______ the frequency. - ✔✔double
if you want to go down one octave, you ______ the frequency. - ✔✔halve
what does a high pass filter do? - ✔✔allows high frequencies through
, what does a low pass filter do? - ✔✔allows low frequencies through
what does a band pass filter do? - ✔✔allows a band of frequencies through (mid)
what does a band reject filter do? - ✔✔holds back/attenuates a band of frequencies (allows
high and low frequencies)
what does a Fourier transform do? - ✔✔creates a spectrum from the time domain
waveform (deconstructs the waveform)
what is the cake analogy to a Fourier transform? - ✔✔analyze a cake to learn its ingredients
what does a time domain display show? - ✔✔-a waveform represents sound directly
-air pressure changes over time
what does a frequency domain display show? - ✔✔a line spectrum shows the frequency
components of a periodic sound
what is a FFT spectrum? - ✔✔fast Fourier transform
-shows harmonic energy
-each peak is a harmonic
-less clear at showing formants
what is FFT reveal more of? - ✔✔vocal SOURCE
what is a LPC spectrum? - ✔✔linear predictive coding
-shows spectral envelope (doesn't show individual harmonics)
-good at revealing formants