BIO 150 EXAM 1 || WITH ANSWERS 100%
CORRECT!!
The cells of prokaryotic organisms lack a __________ correct answers nucleus
In general, the term ____________ is used to describe disease causing agents. correct
answers pathogen
Prokaryotic cells that are rod-shaped are called correct answers bacilli
The theory that states that chloroplasts and mitochondria arose from prokaryotes that lived
within other is the __________ theory. correct answers endosymbiotic
What is science? How is it different from other ways of learning/knowing things about the
world (religion, philosophy, etc.) correct answers Science, religion and philosophy are all
ways of answering the big questions in the world, and use reason, logic, and evidence to
some extent. Science is specific in that it needs to be objective, measurable evidence to
support its conclusions. Just because it is not science doesn't mean you cant believe it, it just
isn't the scientific answer to the question.
List Koch's postulates and describe what they do. correct answers Koch's postulates are the
ways to know what bacteria is causing a disease. The bacteria must be absent from healthy
animals, you must collect it from the infected animal and grow it in a culture. You must then
be able to infect a healthy animal with the bacteria grown in the culture and they must show
the same symptoms as the first. Then you must remove the bacteria from the newly infected
animal and grow it in another culture and it must be the same bacteria found in the first
infected animal.
What is spontaneous generation and how does it relate to Pasteur's experiment? correct
answers Spontaneous generation was originally presented by Aristotle that life could come
from nonliving things. An example is maggots arising from dead flesh. Pasteurs experiment
disproved this. Pasteur sterilized broth by boiling it and putting it in a flak with a swan neck
so only air could get to the broth, no dust or microbes. The broth remained sterile. When
Pasteur allowed dust and air to get to the broth the broth became cloudy with bacteria. This
proved that bacteria can travel through the air on dust particles and therefore disproved the
theory of spontaneity.
List the three domains of life and state a unique characteristic of each. correct answers The
three domains are archaea, bacteria and eukarya. Archaea was originally considered bacteria
as well under the kingdom Monera. Archaea has now shown that it has a different chemical
make up than that of bacteria. Archaea has a cell wall made of ether lipids, lives in extreme
environments, are unicellular, has no nucleus or other membrane bound organelles. The DNA
is located in the nucleolus and has ribosomes. Bacteria lives in all environment, has a cell
wall made of peptidoglycogen that can stain gram positive or gram negative, has no nucleus
or other membrane bound organelles, has loop shaped DNA in the nucleolus and has
ribosomes. They also transfer genes through horizontal gene transfer and are unicellular but
can also live in clusters. Eukarya has DNA that is found in the nucleus of the cell. They have
membrane bound organelles, their DNA is linear, they are much larger than bacteria and
archaea. Eukaryotes are multicellular organisms. Viruses do not fit in nicley with the rest of
, the domains of life. They are pseudoliving. They have some characteristics of life but they
are not living. How to classify viruses has been up for debate for a long time. They infect a
cell and live through them.
Explain why eukaryotic cells need/have organelles, while bacterial and archaeal cells
generally do not. correct answers Bacterial and archaeal cells are much smaller than
eukaryotic cells. Because of this ions are able to enter the bacterial or archaeal cell and the
cell can quickly diffuse the ion. Eukaryotic cells are much larger so they have created
organelles that have specific jobs to ensure that all processes are carried out.
State two characteristics that all living cells share. correct answers All living cells share the
function of homeostasis and reproduction and development.
A method of differentiating bacterial species into two large groups based on cell wall.
A. Hydrolase
B. binary fission
C. endotoxin
D. Gram stain correct answers D. Gram stain
A polymer of glycan and peptides found in bacterial cell walls.
A. peptidoglycan
B. endosymbiosis
C. Biomass
D. panspermia correct answers A. peptidoglycan
An organism in a partnership with another such that each profits from their being together.
A. metazoa
B. tuberculosis
C. anthrax
D. Symbiote
E. none of the above correct answers D. symbiote
Endosymbiotic theory is best supported by which characteristics of cells?
A. organelles with their own DNA
B. double membrane organelles
C. organelles that have bacteria-like properties
D. all of these correct answers A. organelles with their own DNA
In which environmental conditions can you find microorganisms?
A. low oxygen
B. high temperature
C. high salt content
D. high pressure
E. all of these correct answers E. All of these
Leeuwenhoek correct answers One of the first to observe microorganisms through the
microscope
Pasteur correct answers Developed the Germ Theory by exposing boiled broth to the air
CORRECT!!
The cells of prokaryotic organisms lack a __________ correct answers nucleus
In general, the term ____________ is used to describe disease causing agents. correct
answers pathogen
Prokaryotic cells that are rod-shaped are called correct answers bacilli
The theory that states that chloroplasts and mitochondria arose from prokaryotes that lived
within other is the __________ theory. correct answers endosymbiotic
What is science? How is it different from other ways of learning/knowing things about the
world (religion, philosophy, etc.) correct answers Science, religion and philosophy are all
ways of answering the big questions in the world, and use reason, logic, and evidence to
some extent. Science is specific in that it needs to be objective, measurable evidence to
support its conclusions. Just because it is not science doesn't mean you cant believe it, it just
isn't the scientific answer to the question.
List Koch's postulates and describe what they do. correct answers Koch's postulates are the
ways to know what bacteria is causing a disease. The bacteria must be absent from healthy
animals, you must collect it from the infected animal and grow it in a culture. You must then
be able to infect a healthy animal with the bacteria grown in the culture and they must show
the same symptoms as the first. Then you must remove the bacteria from the newly infected
animal and grow it in another culture and it must be the same bacteria found in the first
infected animal.
What is spontaneous generation and how does it relate to Pasteur's experiment? correct
answers Spontaneous generation was originally presented by Aristotle that life could come
from nonliving things. An example is maggots arising from dead flesh. Pasteurs experiment
disproved this. Pasteur sterilized broth by boiling it and putting it in a flak with a swan neck
so only air could get to the broth, no dust or microbes. The broth remained sterile. When
Pasteur allowed dust and air to get to the broth the broth became cloudy with bacteria. This
proved that bacteria can travel through the air on dust particles and therefore disproved the
theory of spontaneity.
List the three domains of life and state a unique characteristic of each. correct answers The
three domains are archaea, bacteria and eukarya. Archaea was originally considered bacteria
as well under the kingdom Monera. Archaea has now shown that it has a different chemical
make up than that of bacteria. Archaea has a cell wall made of ether lipids, lives in extreme
environments, are unicellular, has no nucleus or other membrane bound organelles. The DNA
is located in the nucleolus and has ribosomes. Bacteria lives in all environment, has a cell
wall made of peptidoglycogen that can stain gram positive or gram negative, has no nucleus
or other membrane bound organelles, has loop shaped DNA in the nucleolus and has
ribosomes. They also transfer genes through horizontal gene transfer and are unicellular but
can also live in clusters. Eukarya has DNA that is found in the nucleus of the cell. They have
membrane bound organelles, their DNA is linear, they are much larger than bacteria and
archaea. Eukaryotes are multicellular organisms. Viruses do not fit in nicley with the rest of
, the domains of life. They are pseudoliving. They have some characteristics of life but they
are not living. How to classify viruses has been up for debate for a long time. They infect a
cell and live through them.
Explain why eukaryotic cells need/have organelles, while bacterial and archaeal cells
generally do not. correct answers Bacterial and archaeal cells are much smaller than
eukaryotic cells. Because of this ions are able to enter the bacterial or archaeal cell and the
cell can quickly diffuse the ion. Eukaryotic cells are much larger so they have created
organelles that have specific jobs to ensure that all processes are carried out.
State two characteristics that all living cells share. correct answers All living cells share the
function of homeostasis and reproduction and development.
A method of differentiating bacterial species into two large groups based on cell wall.
A. Hydrolase
B. binary fission
C. endotoxin
D. Gram stain correct answers D. Gram stain
A polymer of glycan and peptides found in bacterial cell walls.
A. peptidoglycan
B. endosymbiosis
C. Biomass
D. panspermia correct answers A. peptidoglycan
An organism in a partnership with another such that each profits from their being together.
A. metazoa
B. tuberculosis
C. anthrax
D. Symbiote
E. none of the above correct answers D. symbiote
Endosymbiotic theory is best supported by which characteristics of cells?
A. organelles with their own DNA
B. double membrane organelles
C. organelles that have bacteria-like properties
D. all of these correct answers A. organelles with their own DNA
In which environmental conditions can you find microorganisms?
A. low oxygen
B. high temperature
C. high salt content
D. high pressure
E. all of these correct answers E. All of these
Leeuwenhoek correct answers One of the first to observe microorganisms through the
microscope
Pasteur correct answers Developed the Germ Theory by exposing boiled broth to the air
